Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40210771›Full record

ReviewClinical and experimental medicine2025

Hepatitis B virus infection after immunization: How serious it is? An updated review.

Arezoo Marjani, Seyed Moayed Alavian, Mohssen Nassiri Toosi, Seyed Hoda Alavian, Mohammad Foad Abazari, Azam Khamseh, Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical and experimental medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Arezoo MarjaniDepartment of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Seyed Moayed AlavianMiddle East Liver Disease Center, Tehran, Iran.
Mohssen Nassiri ToosiLiver Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Seyed Hoda AlavianMiddle East Liver Disease Center, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad Foad AbazariResearch Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Azam KhamsehResearch Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Seyed Mohammad JazayeriDepartment of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. jazayeri42@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the significant challenges worldwide. Despite the availability of antiviral drugs against this virus, the most critical strategy to prevent HBV infection is HB vaccination. Basically, despite widespread conventional HB vaccination, due to various reasons, including waning of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) titer after vaccination, the emergence of vaccine-escape mutants, failure to respond to the vaccine due to viral and host factors, levels of response in high-risk individuals and non-responders to conventional HB vaccination remains a major, unsolved and severe concern. This review focuses on the underlying reasons for conventional hepatitis B vaccination failures. It also suggests solutions to overcome these failures by highlighting significant advances in vaccination, including hepatitis B third-generation vaccines and adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccines as efficient alternatives to second-generation vaccines. Potentially, these new strategies will compensate for the shortcomings caused by second-generation vaccines. Adherence to these denouements has a significant role in preventing the circulation of HBV among individuals and reducing the global burden of HBV-related diseases.

Indexed as

Hepatitis BHepatitis B VaccinesHepatitis B virusVaccinationHepatitis B AntibodiesHepatitis B Surface AntigensHumansHepatitis B AntibodiesHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatitis B VaccinesHepatitis B third-generation vaccinesHepatitis B virusHepatocellular carcinomaVaccination

Identifiers

PMID40210771
PMCPMC11985588

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.