Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40210614›Full record

Observational studyClinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology2025

Plasma IL4 Levels Linked to Pulmonary Hypertension Severity and Outcome.

Yun Li, Yi Liu, Zhanping Liang, Shuying Jia, Yuyan Liu, Jinling Li, Jinming Liu, Jingyun Shi, Ping Yuan, Jie Zhu and 2 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Yun LiCenter for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yi LiuCenter for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Zhanping LiangCenter for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Shuying JiaDepartment of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Yuyan LiuDepartment of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Jinling LiDepartment of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Jinming LiuDepartment of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Jingyun ShiDepartment of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Ping YuanDepartment of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Jie ZhuCenter for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Xiaohuan XiaCenter for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Jialin C ZhengCenter for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Funding

Joint Research Development Project between Shenkang and United Imaging on Clinical Research and Translation SKLY2022CRT202Program of Key Research and Development projects ZDYF2024SHFZ057Program of Key Research and Development projects ZDYF2024SHFZ102Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China 81830037Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China 81901333Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China 81971145Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China 82370057Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China 91949204Shanghai Blue Cross Brain Hospital Co. Ltd. 000000381Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Biomedical Science and Technology Project 22S31902600Shanghai Science and Technology Rising Star Program 23QA1408400Shanghai Tongji University Education Development Foundation 2018108Tongji University Original Basic Research Program 22120220596
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 (IL4) has been recognised as a protective factor in various cardiovascular events, yet its prognostic value in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) remains unclear. The study aimed to measure the levels of plasma IL4 in patients with PH and to explore their potential association with disease risk and outcomes.

methodsIn this observational study, we analysed the levels of plasma IL4 in 766 PH patients and 191 healthy controls in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from October 2009 to January 2024. To establish the correlations between plasma IL4 levels and the risk and outcomes of PH, all patients were followed up from June 2013 to June 2024. The Spearman correlation test was employed to evaluate the relationships between IL4 and right heart catheterisation parameters among patients with PH. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the diagnostic performance of IL4 for PH. The Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to assess the prognostic value of IL4 levels. Logistic regression analysis was performed to predict PH incidence. A nomogram was constructed to predict mortality, and its clinical utility was validated using decision curve analysis (DCA).

resultsPlasma IL4 levels were significantly decreased in patients with PH compared with controls (p < 0.001), as well as in different PH groups (p < 0.05 for all). The logistic regression analyses indicated that the lower IL4 levels were associated with the high risk of PH (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.716-0.872; p < 0.001). IL4 levels correlated inversely with NT-proBNP (r = -0.10, p < 0.05) and mPAP (r = -0.01, p < 0.05), and positively with CI (r = 0.12, p < 0.05) and PaSaO2 (r = 0.11, p < 0.05), indicating an association with disease severity. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with IL4 ≥ 2.8774 pg/mL had a 3-year cumulative survival rate of 91.28%, compared with 82.83% for those with IL4 < 2.8774 pg/mL (log-rank p = 0.007). Cox regression confirmed IL4 as an independent predictor of survival (HR = 0.810, 95% CI: 0.660-0.993; p = 0.043). A diagnostic model combining IL4, 6MWD and NT-proBNP demonstrated good prognostic value (AUC = 0.692, p < 0.0001).

conclusionsPlasma IL4 levels were significantly decreased in patients with PH, exhibiting a negative correlation with disease severity; furthermore, lower IL4 levels may serve as a prognostic indicator of poor outcomes in patients with PH.

Indexed as

Hypertension, PulmonaryInterleukin-4Severity of Illness IndexAdultAgedBiomarkersFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisBiomarkersIL4 protein, humanInterleukin-4clinical relevanceIL4inflammationprognostic modelpulmonary hypertension

Identifiers

PMID40210614
PMCPMC11985370

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.