ArticleJMIR mHealth and uHealth2025
Assessing Social Interaction and Loneliness and Their Association With Frailty Among Older Adults With Subjective Cognitive Decline or Mild Cognitive Impairment: Ecological Momentary Assessment Approach.
Article in JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- APOE in subjective cognitive decline: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Interaction Frequency, Interaction Satisfaction, and Physical Frailty by Living Arrangement among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.Annals of geriatric medicine and research · 2026Article
- Physical disorders, ADLs, cognition, and depression in nursing home residents: a parallel mediation analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFrail older adults are at greater risk of adverse health-related outcomes such as falls, disability, and mortality. Mild behavioral impairment (MBI), which is characterized by neurobehavioral symptoms in individuals without dementia, is a crucial factor in identifying at-risk groups and implementing early interventions for frail older adults. However, the specific role of social functioning, which encompasses social interaction and loneliness levels, in relation to frailty within this group remains unclear.
objectiveThis study investigated the association between frailty status, social interaction frequency, and loneliness levels among older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) while adjusting for MBI symptoms in 2 contexts: the presence and severity of MBI symptoms.
methodsOlder adults with SCD or MCI were recruited from an outpatient clinic specializing in the early diagnosis and care management of dementia at a community health center, as well as from a community service center in Seoul, South Korea. Using an ecological momentary assessment approach, participants reported their daily social interaction frequency and loneliness level via a mobile app, 4 times daily for 2 weeks. Frailty status, the outcome variable, was assessed using the Korean version of the frailty phenotype questionnaire. Additionally, MBI symptoms were assessed using the 34-item MBI-Checklist covering 5 domains. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between frailty status (robust, prefrail, and frail), and the independent variables, adjusting for the presence or severity of MBI symptoms.
resultsAmong the 101 participants analyzed, 29.7% (n=30) of participants were classified as prefrail, and 12.8% (n=13) of participants were classified as frail. Higher average daily social interaction scores were consistently associated with lower odds of a frail status compared to a robust status. This was evident in the models adjusted for both the global presence (relative risk ratio [RRR] 0.18, P=.02) and global severity (RRR 0.20, P=.02) of MBI symptoms.
conclusionsFrequent social interaction was inversely associated with frail status in older adults with SCD or MCI, even after adjusting for the presence and severity of MBI symptoms. These findings highlight the potential of social functioning as a modifiable factor for addressing frailty among older adults at risk of cognitive and functional decline. Future prospective studies using real-time measurements are needed to refine these findings and further investigate additional risk factors and functional outcomes in this group.
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