Reshaping the hierarchical medical system for rare diseases: a two-tier structure and one-stop referral network.

Chaoyu Lei, Ying Zuo, Fanyi Kong, Hao Chen, Haoxuan Cheng, Xuefei Song, Lufa Zhang, Huifang Zhou

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Journal of global health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

3citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

Centering the marginalized: AI-driven strategies for advancing health equity in rare disease care.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2026
Review
Benchmarking clinical knowledge and multi-modal reasoning of large language models in liver cirrhosis.Scientific reports · 2026
Article
Sequential sensitivity analysis of multimodal large language models for rare orbital disease detection.Communications medicine · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Chaoyu Lei *Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, and State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, China.

Ying Zuo *School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Fanyi KongInstitute for Hospital Management, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.

Hao ChenShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Haoxuan ChengSchool of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Xuefei SongDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, and State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, China.

Lufa ZhangSchool of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Huifang ZhouDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, and State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Identifiers

PMID40208802

DOI10.7189/jogh.15.03005

PMCPMC11984612

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.