Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40208603›Full record

ArticleLanguage, speech, and hearing services in schools2025

Speech-Language Pathologists' Perspectives on Language Assessment in Bilingual Children.

Michelle Hernandez, Katrina Fulcher-Rood, Anny Castilla-Earls

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Language, speech, and hearing services in schools, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Michelle HernandezDepartment of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Houston, TX.ORCID 0009-0002-6501-2005
Katrina Fulcher-RoodThe Big Picture SLP, LLC/PLLC, Buffalo, NY.
Anny Castilla-EarlsDepartment of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Houston, TX.ORCID 0000-0003-1212-4740

Funding

The Role of Interlocutor Behavior on Code Switching Patterns in Bilingual Children with and without Developmental Language DisordersF31DC021619 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON · PI HERNANDEZ, MICHELLE · 2023 to 2025
$110k
NIDCD NIH HHS F31 DC021619
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study used a semistructured open interview approach to gather information from school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) regarding their assessment practices for bilingual children with suspected language disorders.

methodPhone interviews were conducted with 25 school-based SLPs across the United States. The interviews explored assessment topics related to tool selection and rationale and the integration of assessment data to determine diagnosis and treatment eligibility.

resultsThe results of this study suggest that SLPs use a combination of norm-referenced and informal assessments when evaluating bilingual children. Informal measures, such as parent/teacher interviews and language sampling, were relied upon for diagnostic decisions, contrasting with the emphasis on norm-referenced testing observed in previous research. District policies and guidelines influenced norm-referenced assessments. Informal tools were used to capture natural language use, provide a comprehensive view of bilingual abilities, and gather detailed case histories.

conclusionsSchool-based SLPs integrate norm-referenced and informal measures in their bilingual assessment practices, with a notable reliance on informal assessments for diagnostic decision making. This approach contrasts with the reliance on norm-referenced measures typically observed in monolingual assessment practices, reflecting SLPs' potential recognition of limitations and biases in norm-referenced tests when used with bilingual children. The findings suggest that SLPs are aware of and use culturally sensitive diagnostic practices.

Indexed as

Attitude of Health PersonnelChild LanguageLanguage DisordersLanguage TestsMultilingualismSpeech-Language PathologyChildFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicMaleUnited States

Identifiers

PMID40208603
PMCPMC12303606

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.