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ArticleTAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik2025

The chromosome-scale genomes of two cultivated safflowers (Carthamus tinctorius) provide insights into the genetic diversity resulting from domestication.

Shuo Liu, Saimire Aishan, Qiuyu Liu, Lu Lv, Kang Ma, Kangjun Fan, Kehui Zhang, Yonghua Qin, Gang Li, Xueli Hu and 4 more

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Article in TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

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3citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Shuo Liu *Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
Saimire Aishan *Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
Qiuyu LiuHubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
Lu LvHubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
Kang MaHubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
Kangjun FanHubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
Kehui ZhangHubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
Yonghua QinHubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
Gang LiHubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
Xueli HuIndustrial Crop Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China.
Zunhong HuIndustrial Crop Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China.
Junwei HeAffiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China.
Hong LiuHubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China. liuhong@scuec.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7227-2476
Rui QinHubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China. qinrui@scuec.edu.cn.

Funding

Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China 32072123
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

key messageTwo cultivated safflowers from distinct areas elucidate the genetic diversity present in the linoleic acid biosynthesis, flowering time and flavonoid biosynthesis. The process of domestication facilitates the adaptation of crops to agricultural environments. In this study, we selected two representative safflower cultivars that has been domesticated in two distinct areas in China as samples to investigate their genetic diversity due to local environmental adaption. Yunhong-7 is a locally bred safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) cultivar, that has been currently widely cultivated in Yunnan Province, Southwest China, and Anhui-1 is a safflower cultivar that was locally bred in Anhui Province, East China. We firstly generated the chromosome-scale genome assembly for yunhong-7 cultivar by combining PacBio and Hi-C technologies. Through comparative genomic analysis, we identified structural variations (SVs) between yunhong-7 and anhui-1, which revealed their genetic differences in the pathways of fatty acid biosynthesis, circadian rhythm and flavonoid biosynthesis. Subsequently, a total of 40 non-redundant fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) genes (39 for yunhong-7 and 20 for anhui-1) were identified, revealing the presence of copy-number variation and major genes change between yunhong-7 and anhui-1. The presented results suggested that changes in SVs may induce alterations in the expression of flowering-related genes, which could explain the observed early flowering phenotype in yunhong-7 compared to anhui-1. We identified a total of 197 non-redundant UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) genes. Based on prokaryotic expression system, we investigated the catalytic functions of two unique UGT genes (CtUGT.18 and CtUGT.191). The current study increases our knowledge of genetic diversity among crop cultivars resulting from distinct domestication processes and thus could contribute to the advancement of traits research and the safflower breeding.

Indexed as

Carthamus tinctoriusChromosomes, PlantDomesticationGenetic VariationGenome, PlantChinaFlavonoidsFlavonoids

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.