ArticleFrontiers in psychology2025
Self-determination theory and the influence of social support, self-regulated learning, and flow experience on student learning engagement in self-directed e-learning.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- A quasi-experimental crossover study on student engagement and performance in a gamified team-based learning module in physiology.Medical education online · 2026Article
- Development and validation of the intelligent digital learning student engagement influencing factor scale for medical students.International journal of nursing sciences · 2026Article
- Motivation stimulation and continuous learning behavior in teacher digital literacy cultivation: a self-determination theory perspective.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Enzymatic activity screening in marine bacteria exposed to oxo-polyethylene in artificial marine microcosms.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Moderators' Role in Fostering Health Practitioner Engagement Within an Online Active Learning Program (The Community Fracture Capture Learning Hub): Qualitative Relational Content Thematic Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Perceived AI interactivity and motivated learning behaviors in AI-Supported EFL learning in higher education: the mediating roles of flow and self-efficacy.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- From self-regulated learning to learning outcomes in virtual learning environments: motivational activation and flow as a sequential psychological pathway.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Motivational withdrawal in college English learning: a mixed-methods investigation of diminished motivational support and perceived effort ineffectiveness.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Impact of diverse learning resources and support system on Chinese English language learners' motivation in virtual and traditional learning settings.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- How teacher support and practical environment relate to engagement in project-based learning: the mediating roles of self-efficacy and autonomous motivation.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Exploring learning engagement among Spanish undergraduates in Asia: the chain mediating roles of flow experience and self-determined motivation in short video platform use.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Enhancing children's environmental cognition, affect, and behavior through project-based STEM learning toward the SDGs.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Exploring Absenteeism in Medical Education: Perceptions of Students and Professors at the University of Granada.Medical science educator · 2025Article
- The Role of Emotional Intelligence and Frustration Intolerance in the Academic Performance of University Students: A Structural Equation Model.Journal of Intelligence · 2025Article
- When personal experience becomes professional power: how pre-service teachers discover their creative capacity during teaching internships.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Uncovering a suppressor effect in the relationship between psychological capital and employment expectations: a chain mediation model among vocational undergraduates.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Effects of ICT use on self-regulated learning: chain intermediary effect of information retrieval and social interaction.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Understanding effects of engaging online learning environments on students' cognitive engagement and well-being: the role of academic self-concept and flow.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
E-learning significantly broadens the scope for students to participate in extracurricular self-directed learning to achieve personal goals. However, the existing research has somewhat overlooked this particular setting. Our study delves into how self-determination theory shapes student engagement in learning, influenced by social support, flow experience, and self-regulated learning, while also examining the mediating role of self-determination theory. We gathered 593 questionnaires from students across various disciplines and levels of learning in five Chinese universities. Through structural equation model, we tested 13 hypotheses and several mediating effects basing on self-determination theory. Our findings revealed that social support can predict relatedness, while both flow experience and self-regulated learning have significant impacts on the three basic psychological needs. Furthermore, we observed that competence and relatedness have impacts on the motivation of self-determination theory. A significant positive association exists between motivation and student learning engagement, and insignificant direct pathways have no indirect effect on mediating effects. We discussed the similarities and differences between out-of-class self-directed e-learning and traditional in-class e-learning, considering the same influencing factors. We also offered constructive insights for students to effectively reaching their personal goals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.