ArticleClinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology2025
2 kDa Hyaluronic Acid Reduces Blemishes and Sagging in Human Facial Skin.
Article in Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hyaluronic Acid in Topical Applications: The Various Forms and Biological Effects of a Hero Molecule in the Cosmetics Industry.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- BCL11A deficiency protects epidermis from UVB-induced damage through promotion of autophagy.Communications biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Collagen metabolism declines in aging skin, causing wrinkles. On the other hand, external factors such as UV exposure cause damage to DNA, resulting in skin problems such as spots and sagging. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is involved in many biological processes, including collagen metabolism, wound healing, and skin barrier function. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 2 kDa HA oligosaccharides (HA2k) on skin spots and sagging. Methods: In the human study, the effects of a HA2k lotion on spots and sagging were evaluated after 4 weeks of application to the skin. In vitro, the effects of HA2k on inflammatory cytokines, autophagy, and turnover of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) were evaluated under two different stimulation conditions: injury with hydrogen peroxide or UVB. Results: In the human study, HA2k treatment reduced facial spots and sagging skin after 4 weeks compared to an untreated group. The percentage reduction from baseline after 4 weeks was also higher in the HA2k-treated group. In vitro, HA2k inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced NHEK inflammation. Furthermore, HA2k inhibited UVB-induced NHEK damage and promoted LC3-II production. In unstimulated NHEK, HA2k promoted involucrin production. Conclusion: HA2k reduced facial spots and sagging. The effect is thought to be due to the promotion of autophagy and keratinocyte turnover. HA2k application is expected to improve skin condition.
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Registered trials
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