Regulations, biosecurity measures, and impact of COVID-19: A comprehensive mixed method study in traditional wet and live animal markets in Bangladesh.

Background: Traditional wet and live animal markets (TWLAMs) offer fresh vegetables, meat, fish, and live animals to consumers at affordable prices. The daily operation of TWLAMs is crucial for supplying safe food by controlling and preventing contamination from food-borne pathogens. Objectives: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 TWLAMs to collect and assess data on market regulations, biosecurity measures, and the impact of COVID-19 on food supply and livelihoods. Methods: We interviewed 40 key informants and performed on-site observations. Additionally, we organized a workshop with different stakeholders including experts in human health, animal health, food safety, zoonotic diseases, agriculture, consumer rights, and market regulations. Results: Among the 10 surveyed TWLAMs, five (50 %) were governed by the City Corporation, six (60 %) had written operational guidelines, while 40 % were unaware of any government regulations. Most markets (80 %, Conclusions: Despite many challenges and shortcomings, a unique operational guideline could help ensure the supply of safe food to consumers. Financial incentives, certification, training, and regular monitoring can improve practices associated with food safety.