ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2025
Contactless monitoring of respiratory rate variability in rats under anesthesia with a compact 24GHz microwave radar sensor.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Contactless Cardiac Health Monitoring with Millimeter-Wave Radar Based on PMG-SATNet.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effect of anesthesia and measurement site on baseline blood pressure in rats (2021-2024).Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a noncontact monitoring system for respiratory rate variability in rats under anesthesia using a 24GHz microwave radar sensor. This study aimed to address the need for stress-free monitoring techniques that comply with the 3Rs principle (Reduction, Replacement, and Refinement) in laboratory animal settings. Methods: Utilizing a 24GHz microwave radar sensor, this system detects subtle body surface displacements induced by respiratory movements in anesthetized rats. The setup includes a 24.05 to 24.25 GHz radar module coupled with a single-board computer, specifically Raspberry Pi, for signal acquisition and processing. The experiment involved four male Wistar rats tracking the variability in their respiratory rates at various isoflurane anesthesia depths to compare the radar system's performance with reference measurements. Results: The radar system demonstrated high accuracy in respiratory rate monitoring, with a mean difference of 0.32 breaths per minute compared to laser references. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was high (0.89, Conclusion: The microwave radar-based monitoring system significantly enhanced the animal welfare and research methodology. This system minimizes animal stress and improves the integrity of physiological data in research settings by providing a non-invasive, accurate, and reliable means of monitoring respiratory rates.
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