Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40206178›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2025

Attitudes towards living organ donation: a cross-sectional survey study.

Sydney Naibauer, William T Branagan, Stephanie Lehto, Nicole Reynolds, Susan Mikulich-Gilbertson, Chloe E Page, Rachel A Davis

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Does opt-out legislation crowd out living organ donations? A cross-country study.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026
    Article
  2. Kantianism, Intercultural Differences, and Attitudes Toward Organ Donation Among First-Year Nursing Students.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Sequential dual-organ living donation: selection, operative approach, and early donor outcomes at a Canadian center.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2026
    Article
  5. The Sex of Donor and Recipients in Solid Organ Transplantation: An in Depth Analysis Across the Council of Europe Member States.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sydney NaibauerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States.
William T Branagan *Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States.
Stephanie Lehto *Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States.
Nicole Reynolds *Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research and Education (CCTCARE), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States.
Susan Mikulich-GilbertsonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States.
Chloe E PageDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States.
Rachel A DavisDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: Only 18% of kidneys and livers transplanted in the United States come from living donors, and increasing rates of living organ donation could help decrease the critical organ deficit. Non-directed living donation is even less common, with only 1.4% of kidney and liver transplants coming from anonymous donors (1). This study aimed to determine which factors are considered more motivating and more discouraging to living organ donation, how characteristics of potential recipients affect willingness to consider living liver donation, and whether there are any associations related to a person's willingness to consider non-directed living organ donation. Method: A cross-sectional survey was distributed in-person on a large medical campus, and participation was incentivized with the opportunity to spin a prize wheel. In addition to participant characteristics, the survey queried awareness of directed and non-directed living donation, whether or not the participant would consider directed donation and non-directed donation, motivating and discouraging factors to living donation, vignettes to assess willingness to donate to recipients with different characteristics, and an altruism personality inventory. An optional interpersonal reactivity index was included as well. Results: Three hundred twenty-six participants scanned a QR code to take the survey. Most participants (299 of 318, 94%) were aware of living donation. Participants who said yes to considering non-directed living donation (67 of 305, 22%) had significantly higher altruism scores than those who said no (123 of 305, 40%). Willingness to consider living liver donation varied based on recipient characteristics, with participants reporting they would be more willing to donate to a recipient with an immune disorder over alcohol-related liver disease, an infant over an adult, a relative over a nonrelative, and a sibling with alcohol-related liver disease over a nonrelative with alcohol-related liver disease. Conclusion: The most motivating factors for considering living donation were having a child recipient, helping someone in need, high transplant center success rate, and helping a family member or friend. The most discouraging factors were uncompensated expenses, difficulty of surgery recovery, risk of surgery, and length of recovery. Participants were less willing to donate to adults, strangers, and recipients with alcohol-related liver disease.

Indexed as

Living DonorsTissue and Organ ProcurementAdolescentAdultAltruismCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMotivationSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesYoung Adultaltruismaltruistic living donorliving kidney donationliving liver donationliving organ donationnon-directed living donationorgan donation

Identifiers

PMID40206178
PMCPMC11979268

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.