Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40206052›Full record

ArticleFood chemistry: X2025

Extraction, quantification and health risk assessment of bisphenol A from various kinds of packaged milk and baby bottles.

Ghulam Mustafa Kamal, Iqra Anwar, Kainat Saadullah, Attila Gere, Samra Yasmin, Jalal Uddin, Abdullah Ijaz Hussain, Gulzar Ahmad Nayik

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Food chemistry: X, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ghulam Mustafa KamalInstitute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan.
Iqra AnwarInstitute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan.
Kainat SaadullahInstitute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan.
Attila GereHungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Technology Department of Postharvest, Supply Chain, Commerce and Sensory Science, H-1118, Budapest, Villányi út, 29-43, Hungary.
Samra YasminInstitute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan.
Jalal UddinDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah Ijaz HussainDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Gulzar Ahmad NayikMarwadi University Research Centre, Department of Microbiology, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat-360003, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor, is widely used in plastic containers for food packaging. BPA can migrate into food, particularly from polycarbonate (PC) containers, posing health risks by mimicking estrogen. This study investigated BPA concentrations in 23 milk samples from national and local brands in Pakistan, stored in various packaging types: polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene (PE), Tetra Pak, and Tetra Brick. BPA extraction was performed using liquid-liquid (LLE) and solid-phase methods, with quantification by HPLC. Raw milk in PC containers showed the highest BPA levels (0.042-0.056 μg/ml at elevated temperatures). BPA was detected in 12 samples, with mean concentrations of 0.019 μg/ml (pasteurized), 0.032 μg/ml (UHT), and 0.049 μg/ml (raw milk). Six baby bottle brands were analyzed, with four showing BPA leaching, and Brand No. 2 exhibiting the highest levels and hazard index. The study emphasizes the need for safer packaging to protect infants from BPA exposure.

Indexed as

Baby milkBisphenol AHealth risk assessmentMilk packagingPasteurization

Identifiers

PMID40206052
PMCPMC11979397

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.