Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40205148›Full record

ArticleAnnals of surgical oncology2025

Risk Factors and Survival Analysis of Spontaneously Ruptured Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Bilateral Centers.

Zheng Zhang, Siyuan Tan, Haodong Tang, Zhicheng Jin, Miao Lu, Fangfang Hu, Pinghua Yang, Jiahua Zhou

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of surgical oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zheng Zhang *Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
Siyuan Tan *Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
Haodong Tang *Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
Zhicheng JinCenter of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
Miao LuDepartment of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
Fangfang HuDepartment of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
Pinghua YangDepartment of Biliary Surgery IV, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Jiahua ZhouDepartment of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China. zhoujh@seu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7664-7148

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 81572408
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study aimed to analyze risk factors for spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and investigate the impact of spontaneous tumor rupture (STR) on the long-term survival of HCC patients treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).

methodsA retrospective cohort of patients with a diagnosis of HCC was divided into the ruptured group and the non-ruptured group. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for risk factors. The survival outcomes for the patients treated with hepatectomy, TACE, or best supportive care (BSC) in ruptured group were compared. The prognosis of HCC patients treated with TACE were compared using propensity score-matching (PSM).

resultsThe study enrolled 1103 HCC patients for risk factors analysis. Logistic regression analysis showed that male sex, liver cirrhosis, tumor protrusion, tumor diameter greater than 5 cm, macrovascular invasion, alpha fetoprotein (AFP) of 400 ng/mL or higher, and ascites were independent risk factors for STR. A COX regression analysis indicated that tumor diameter greater than 5 cm, AFP of 400 ng/mL or higher, and STR were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). Furthermore, tumor diameter greater than 5 cm and macrovascular invasion were independent prognostic factors for progress-free survival (PFS). In ruptured group, treatment with hepatectomy indicated the best prognosis, followed by treatment with TACE and BSC. Also, in TACE group, the non-ruptured HCC patients had significant longer OS than the ruptured HCC patients, whereas PFS showed no statistical difference before or after PSM.

conclusionsMale sex, liver cirrhosis, tumor protrusion, tumor diameter greater than 5 cm, macrovascular invasion, AFP of 400 ng/mL or higher, and ascites are independent risk factors for STR. In ruptured group, treatment with hepatectomy indicated the best prognosis, followed by treatment with TACE and BSC. For the HCC patients treated with TACE, STR was independent prognostic factor for OS but not PFS.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularChemoembolization, TherapeuticHepatectomyLiver NeoplasmsAgedFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsRupture, SpontaneousSurvival RateHepatectomyHepatocellular carcinomaPropensity score matchingRisk factors analysisSpontaneous tumor ruptureSurvival analysisTACE

Identifiers

PMID40205148

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.