Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40205078›Full record

ArticleLearning & behavior2025

Differential modulation of freezing and 22-kHz USVs by shock intensity, tone-duration matching, and anxiety levels in rodent fear-conditioning paradigms.

Benhuiyuan Zheng, Jiaojiao Rao, Lili Bao, Delin Yu, Bin Yin

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Article in Learning & behavior, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Benhuiyuan Zheng *Laboratory for Learning and Behavioral Sciences, School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China.
Jiaojiao Rao *Laboratory for Learning and Behavioral Sciences, School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China.
Lili BaoLaboratory for Learning and Behavioral Sciences, School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China.
Delin YuLaboratory for Learning and Behavioral Sciences, School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China.
Bin YinLaboratory for Learning and Behavioral Sciences, School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China. byin@fjnu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-8905

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The concept of fear in animals, particularly its manifestation and measurement, remains a focal point in psychological research. This study builds on the systematic review and meta-analysis work of Bao et al. (Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 157: 105537, 2024), which posits that freezing behavior and 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) may represent objective and subjective fear states in rodents, respectively. We further investigated how these responses are modulated by shock intensity, tone-duration matching, and individual anxiety levels in rodent fear-conditioning paradigms. Experiment 1 manipulated shock intensity during fear learning and tone-duration matching between learning and cue tests, revealing that while freezing behavior was consistent across conditions, 22-kHz USVs varied significantly and appeared later than freezing. This divergence was more pronounced in fear generalization tests. Experiment 2 explored the response differences in rodents with high and low anxiety, demonstrating that highly anxious individuals exhibited more 22-kHz USVs but not increased freezing during cue tests. These findings suggest that while freezing may reflect automatic defensive reactions, 22-kHz USVs are more indicative of rodents' cognitive appraisal and their subjective experience of fear. This distinction provides valuable insights that could improve the translation of animal fear models to human psychiatric conditions related to fear and anxiety.

Indexed as

AnxietyConditioning, ClassicalFearFreezing Reaction, CatalepticVocalization, AnimalAnimalsBehavior, AnimalCuesElectroshockMaleMiceRatsAnxietyFear conditioningFear expressionFreezing behaviorRatUltrasonic vocalizations

Identifiers

PMID40205078

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.