ArticleRenal failure2025
Causal associations between environmental factors and risk of IgA nephropathy and membranous nephropathy: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis.
Article in Renal failure, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Dual BAFF/APRIL inhibition with telitacicept in systemic lupus erythematosus and IgA nephropathy: pharmacological rationale, clinical efficacy, and safety on female fertility preservation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Transcriptomic analysis of differential expression and correlation of coding and non-coding RNAs in urine from patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy.Biology direct · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
aimsIgA nephropathy (IgAN) and membranous nephropathy (MN) have intricate etiologies that are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of genetically predicted environmental factors on IgAN and MN.
methodsWe used bidirectional two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis utilizing large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to investigate the relationships between 68 environmental exposures and IgAN and MN. The main method is inverse variance weighted (IVW). Sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate the causal estimates. Furthermore, the two-step MR was used to explore possible mediating effects.
resultsA total of 20 significant causal associations were identified. Genetically predicted educational attainment (EA), average household income, gluten-free diet, cheese intake, fresh fruit intake, cognitive performance, and intelligence were associated with a reduced risk of IgAN (
conclusionsThis study provides novel evidence of causal relationships between 20 genetically predicted environmental factors and the risk of IgAN and MN. These findings may inform targeted prevention strategies and contribute to improved disease risk assessment.
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