Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40203749›Full record

ArticleBiomaterials advances2025

A multi-modal embolic gel system for long-term fluorescence imaging and photothermal therapy.

Keren Zhao, Peng Chen, Ziqi Wang, George Varghese P J, Jun Liu, Jingjie Hu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biomaterials advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Keren ZhaoDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA. Electronic address: kzhao8@ncsu.edu.
Peng ChenDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA. Electronic address: pchen26@ncsu.edu.
Ziqi WangDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA. Electronic address: zwang235@ncsu.edu.
George Varghese P JDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA. Electronic address: gvarghe2@ncsu.edu.
Jun LiuDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA. Electronic address: jliu38@ncsu.edu.
Jingjie HuDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA. Electronic address: jhu35@ncsu.edu.

Funding

Integrated experimental and computational approach for accurate patient-specific vascular embolizationR21AG083692 · NIA · NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY RALEIGH · PI ARZANI, AMIRHOSSEIN, HU, JINGJIE · 2023 to 2025
$581k
Developing Therapeutic Gel Embolic Agents for Arteriovenous Malformation EmbolizationR03EB033633 · NIBIB · NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY RALEIGH · PI HU, JINGJIE · 2023 to 2024
$144k
NIA NIH HHS R21 AG083692NIBIB NIH HHS R03 EB033633
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gel embolic agents are increasingly recognized for their versatility in minimally invasive vascular interventions. However, their application in real-time imaging, post-operative monitoring, and thermal treatment remains underexplored. In this study, we present a novel transcatheter injectable nanoclay-alginate (NCA) gel embolic agent integrated with indocyanine green (ICG) for dual fluorescence imaging and thermal ablation. The NCA/ICG embolic gel exhibits excellent shear-thinning properties, transcatheter injectability, and mechanical stability. Furthermore, the mechanism to enhance fluorescence for real-time imaging enhancement and extended post-operative monitoring was discussed. A 28-day fluorescence persistence shows the NCA/ICG gel's long-lasting fluorescent signal, which was significantly stronger and longer compared to current clinically used ICG aqueous solution. Furthermore, the gel can effectively convert near-infrared (NIR) laser energy into heat for potential photothermal therapy. The biocompatibility and enhanced antibacterial properties further highlight the potential clinical benefits of this embolic agent as a multifunctional agent for vascular embolization.

Indexed as

Embolization, TherapeuticOptical ImagingPhotothermal TherapyAlginatesAnimalsGelsHumansIndocyanine GreenMiceAlginatesGelsIndocyanine GreenEmbolic agentFluorescence imagingMinimally invasive procedurePhotothermal therapy

Identifiers

PMID40203749
PMCPMC13372004

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.