ArticlePLoS genetics2025
Helper NLR immune protein NRC3 evolved to evade inhibition by a cyst nematode virulence effector.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Contrasting evolutionary patterns of helper and sensor NRC NLRs in lettuce reflect functional divergence following subfunctionalization.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Structure-informed engineering of plant-microbe interactions.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- A potato late blight pathogen effector interacts with ENTH-domain protein TOL9a and an activated helper NLR to suppress immunity.Science advances · 2026Article
- A plant pathogen effector blocks stepwise assembly of a helper NLR resistosome.Science advances · 2026Article
- Adaptation of plateau frog peptide: From antimicrobial to angiogenic and proliferative functions.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Precision Editing of NLRS Improves Effector Recognition for Enhanced Disease Resistance.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Adaptation of the Cyst Nematode Globodera pallida to the Colinear Potato Resistant QTLs GpaVMolecular ecology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Parasites can counteract host immunity by suppressing nucleotide binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins that function as immune receptors. We previously showed that a cyst nematode virulence effector SPRYSEC15 (SS15) binds and inhibits oligomerisation of helper NLR proteins in the expanded NRC1/2/3 clade by preventing intramolecular rearrangements required for NRC oligomerisation into an activated resistosome. Here we examined the degree to which NRC proteins from multiple Solanaceae species are sensitive to suppression by SS15 and tested hypotheses about adaptive evolution of the binding interface between the SS15 inhibitor and NRC proteins. Whereas all tested orthologs of NRC2 were inhibited by SS15, some natural variants of NRC1 and NRC3 are insensitive to SS15 suppression. Ancestral sequence reconstruction combined with functional assays revealed that NRC3 transitioned from an ancestral suppressed form to an insensitive one over 19 million years ago. Our analyses revealed the evolutionary trajectory of an NLR immune receptor against a parasite inhibitor, identifying key evolutionary transitions in helper NLRs that counteract this inhibition. This work reveals a distinct type of gene-for-gene interaction between parasite or pathogen immunosuppressors and host immune receptors that contrasts with the coevolution between AVR effectors and immune receptors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.