ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2025
A Million Years of Mammoth Mitogenome Evolution.
Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ancient DNA from the Upper Paleolithic mammoth ivory of Hohle Fels, Germany.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Paleogenomics Reveals a Loss of Bovine Lineages in Mid-latitude Asia Over the Last 200,000 Years.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Repeated climate-driven dispersal and speciation in peripheral populations of Pleistocene mastodons.Science advances · 2025Article
- Genomic and morphological analysis reveals long-term mammoth hybridization in British Columbia, Canada.Biology letters · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
28 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The genomic study of specimens dating to the Early and Middle Pleistocene (EP and MP), a period spanning from 2.6 million years ago (Ma) to 126 thousand years ago (ka), has the potential to elucidate the evolutionary processes that shaped present-day biodiversity. Obtaining genomic data from this period is challenging, but mitochondrial DNA, given its higher abundance compared to nuclear DNA, could play an important role to understand evolutionary processes at this time scale. In this study, we report 34 new mitogenomes, including two EP and nine MP mammoth (Mammuthus spp.) specimens from Siberia and North America and analyze them jointly with >200 publicly available mitogenomes to reconstruct a transect of mammoth mitogenome diversity throughout the last million years. We find that our EP mitogenomes fall outside the diversity of all Late Pleistocene (LP) mammoths, while those derived from MP mammoths are basal to LP mammoth Clades 2 and 3, supporting an ancient Siberian origin of these lineages. In contrast, the geographical origin of Clade 1 remains unresolved. With these new deep-time mitogenomes, we observe diversification events across all clades that appear consistent with previously hypothesized MP and LP demographic changes. Furthermore, we improve upon an existing methodology for molecular clock dating of specimens >50 ka, demonstrating that specimens need to be individually dated to avoid biases in their age estimates. Both the molecular and analytical improvements presented here highlight the importance of deep-time genomic data to discover long-lost genetic diversity, enabling better assessments of evolutionary histories.
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