ReviewRheumatology international2025
Is granulomatous mastitis a rheumatologic disease? The emerging role of rheumatologists in disease management.
Review in Rheumatology international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Granulomatous mastitis, erythema nodosum, and arthritis syndrome: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- An endocrine microbe immunity framework for granulomatous mastitis toward phenotype-oriented interpretation.iScience · 2026Review
- Molecular Targeted Therapy for Chronic Non-Bacterial Mastitis: New Insights into Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of women's health · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a rare, chronic inflammatory breast disease characterized by non-caseating granulomas. While its etiology remains unclear, emerging evidence supports an immune-mediated pathogenesis with parallels to autoimmune rheumatic diseases. This review explores the inflammatory mechanisms underlying GM, emphasizing the roles of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and the Th17 axis in sustaining granulomatous inflammation. Traditional management has centered on surgical excision, but high recurrence rates have prompted a shift toward immunosuppressive therapy, particularly corticosteroids and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Recent studies suggest that DMARDs offer effective disease control while minimizing the adverse effects of long-term steroid use. Given the autoimmune overlap and the efficacy of targeted immunomodulatory therapy, rheumatologists play an increasingly critical role in GM management. This review advocates for increased awareness of GM within the rheumatology community and underscores the need for further research to refine therapeutic strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40202564What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.