ArticleDiabetes care2025
Association of Patient Cost Sharing With Adherence to GLP-1RA and Adverse Health Outcomes.
Article in Diabetes care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- GLP-1 receptor agonists for treating obesity without diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of economic evaluations.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Costs of Comorbidities and Complications Associated with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective, Cohort Study.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- The Promises and Pitfalls of Real-time Benefit Tools: A Qualitative Study of Primary Care Providers.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Rates of, Reasons for, and Reactions to Discontinuation of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Narrative Review.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
- Sociodemographic and disease-related factors associated with treatment adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in southern Iran.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Review
- Bariatric Surgery in the Era of GLP1RA: A Narrative Review.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- From global guidelines for cardio-kidney-metabolic diseases management to national implementation: perspectives from the guideline workshop taskforce.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Article
- Differences in GLP-1 RA medication adherence across place-based variables in patients with diabetes living in Wisconsin.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2025Article
- Racial and demographic disparities in glp-1ra use among breast cancer patients with Type 2 Diabetes.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- The Ongoing Need to Address Cost-Related Nonadherence to Diabetes Medications.Diabetes care · 2025Article
- Article
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13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the associations between patient out-of-pocket (OOP) costs and nonadherence to glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), and the consequent impact on adverse outcomes, including hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThis retrospective cohort study used MarketScan Commercial data (2016-2021). The cohort included nonpregnant adults aged 18-64 years with type 2 diabetes who initiated GLP-1RA therapy. Participants were continuously enrolled in the same private insurance plan for 6 months before the prescription date and 1 year thereafter. Exposures included average first 30-day OOP costs for GLP-1RA, categorized into quartiles (lowest [Q1] to highest [Q4]). Primary outcomes were the annual proportion of days covered (PDC) for GLP-1RA and nonadherence, defined as PDC <0.8. Secondary outcomes included diabetes-related and all-cause hospitalizations and ED visits 1 year after GLP-1RA initiation.
resultsAmong 61,907 adults who initiated GLP-1RA, higher 30-day OOP costs were associated with decreased adherence. Patients in the highest OOP cost quartile (Q4: $80-$3,375) had significantly higher odds of nonadherence (odds ratio [OR] 1.25; 95% CI 1.19-1.31) compared with those in Q1 ($0-$21). Nonadherence was linked to increased incidence rates of diabetes-related hospitalizations or ED visits (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.86; 95% CI 1.43-2.42), cumulative length of hospitalization (IRR 1.56; 95% CI 1.41-1.72), all-cause ED visits (IRR 1.38; 95% CI 1.32-1.45), and increased ED-related costs ($69.81, 95% CI $53.54-$86.08).
conclusionsHigher OOP costs for GLP-1RA were associated with reduced adherence and increased rates of adverse outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.