Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40201976›Full record

ReviewmAbs2025

Nanoscale warriors against viral invaders: a comprehensive review of Nanobodies as potential antiviral therapeutics.

Vaishali Verma, Nimisha Sinha, Abhavya Raja

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in mAbs, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Nanobodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 variants.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026
    Review
  3. Collective fluctuations underlying nanobody inhibitory activity targetingbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Nanobodies targeting hnRNPA2/B1 and tau.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Advances in Nanobody-Based Platforms for Precision Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy.Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.) · 2025
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Neutralization of the Pandemic Influenza A/H1N1 Virus withAntibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Vaishali VermaDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, India.ORCID 0000-0001-5076-7435
Nimisha SinhaDepartment of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.ORCID 0009-0009-7776-5435
Abhavya RajaDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, India.ORCID 0009-0009-7585-4987

Funding

Department of Science and Technology - Anusandhan National Research Foundation (DST-ANRF) SRG/2022/000486
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Viral infections remain a significant global health threat, with emerging and reemerging viruses causing epidemics and pandemics. Despite advancements in antiviral therapies, the development of effective treatments is often hindered by challenges, such as viral resistance and the emergence of new strains. In this context, the development of novel therapeutic modalities is essential to combat notorious viruses. While traditional monoclonal antibodies are widely used for the treatment of several diseases, nanobodies derived from heavy chain-only antibodies have emerged as promising "nanoscale warriors" against viral infections. Nanobodies possess unique structural properties that enhance their ability to recognize diverse epitopes. Their small size also imparts properties, such as improved bioavailability, solubility, stability, and proteolytic resistance, making them an ideal class of therapeutics for viral infections. In this review, we discuss the role of nanobodies as antivirals against various viruses. Techniques used for developing nanobodies, delivery strategies are covered, and the challenges and opportunities associated with their use as antiviral therapies are discussed. We also offer insights into the future of nanobody-based antiviral research to support the development of new strategies for managing viral infections.

Indexed as

Antibodies, ViralAntiviral AgentsSingle-Domain AntibodiesVirus DiseasesAnimalsHumansAntibodies, ViralAntiviral AgentsSingle-Domain AntibodiesAntiviralcamelid antibodiesintranasal deliverynanobodiesphage displaySingle-domain antibodiesviral infectionsvirus

Identifiers

PMID40201976
PMCPMC11988260

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.