ArticleOpen veterinary journal2025
The employment of FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and GC-MS combined with chemometrics for rapid detection of adulteration of pork oil in Gabus fish oil (
Article in Open veterinary journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Exhaled Breath Analysis for Head and Neck Cancer Using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: A Feasibility Study for Non-Invasive Screening.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The muslim population is very concerned about halal food. Nowadays, there is a growing awareness among consumers regarding the adulteration of food. High-quality Gabus fish oil (halal) is very susceptible to being adulterated with Pork oil (non-halal) by unethical producers to gain greater profits. Aim: The research objective was to use Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in combination with chemometrics for the analysis of pork oil adulteration in Gabus fish oil. Methods: Extraction of Gabus fish oil using the pressing method and pork oil using the soxhlet method. The oil components extracted were then analyzed using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and multivariate calibrations of partial least square (PLS) and principle component regression (PCR) using optimized conditions. The GC-MS data from methyl ester were processed using chemometrics principal component analysis (PCA) to group Gabus fish oil, pork oil, and palm oil. Results: The absorbance values at wavenumber regions of 1,500 Conclusion: FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and GC-MS coupled with chemometrics is a rapid and accurate method for detecting and quantifying pork oil in Gabus fish oil for halal authentication.
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