Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40201789›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2025

Vascular inflammation in chronic kidney disease: the role of uremic toxins in macrophage activation.

Prabhash Kumar Jha, Toshiaki Nakano, Lucas Yuji Umesaki Itto, Miguel Cantadori Barbeiro, Adrien Lupieri, Elena Aikawa, Masanori Aikawa

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Prabhash Kumar JhaCenter for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Toshiaki NakanoCenter for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Lucas Yuji Umesaki IttoCenter for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Miguel Cantadori BarbeiroCenter for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Adrien LupieriCenter for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Elena AikawaCenter for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Masanori AikawaCenter for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function, leading to the accumulation of uremic toxins in the bloodstream. These toxins play a pivotal role in mediating vascular inflammation, a key contributor to the high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality observed in CKD patients. This review article explores the intricate mechanisms by which uremic toxins accelerate vascular inflammation. Macrophages, as versatile immune cells, are central to the inflammatory response. Evidence suggests that the uremic milieu influences macrophage biology. In this review article, we focus on the signaling through which uremic toxins, particularly indoxyl sulfate-an independent risk factor for cardiovascular complications in CKD patients, modulate macrophage activation and function, and how these changes contribute to vascular inflammation, leading to the increased cardiovascular risk. Investigation of such mechanisms provide molecular bases for the development of new therapies that retard the development of cardiovascular disorders in CKD patients.

Indexed as

cardiovascular riskchronic kidney disease (CKD)end-stage renal disease (ESRD)indoxyl sulfateinflammationmacrophagesuremic toxinsvascular disease

Identifiers

PMID40201789
PMCPMC11975941

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.