ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Unveiling community-level factors: a multilevel mixed-effect analysis of eye care service utilization and associated factors in Andabet, Northwest Ethiopia.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Eye care service utilization (ECSU) is vital for preventing and managing visual impairment, yet its uptake remains suboptimal in many low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Visual impairment imposes significant economic and social burdens, much of which is preventable with timely screening and treatment. Despite previous studies on ECSU, gaps remain in understanding individual- and community-level factors influencing its use in specific regions. This study aimed to determine the magnitude and associated factors of eye care service utilization (ECSU) among older adults in the Andabet District, Northwest Ethiopia. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among older adults from May 1-30, 2024 in Andabet District, Northwest Ethiopia. Multistage systematic random sampling was employed to reach 570 older adults. A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was employed to assess both individual and community-level factors associated with ECSU. We fitted both random-effect and fixed-effect analysis. Finally, variables with Result: In this study, the good level of ECSU was found to be 16.14% (95% CI: 13.11, 19.16). In the multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression analysis, aged ≥ 65 years (AOR = 4.59; 95% CI: 1.38, 15.21), having health insurance (AOR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.51, 2.58), living nearer to eye care facility (AOR = 6.42, 95% CI: 1.95, 21.15), and having awareness about regular eye checkups (AOR = 1.63; 95% CI: 2.88, 9.70) were significantly associated with good level of ECSU. Conclusion: In this study, the magnitude of eye care service utilization was lower than in other studies. Age, health insurance, distance from the eye care facility, and awareness were independent determinants of ECSU. Therefore, policymakers should prioritize accessible health insurance and expand eye care facilities, especially in rural areas. Integrating routine eye exams into primary care and launching widespread awareness campaigns can promote preventive eye health. A unified, multi-sectoral strategy focused on access, integration, and education is key to enhancing ECSU.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.