ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Characterizing the immune infiltrate in secondary syphilis: implications for transmission and pathology.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Putative mechanisms of ocular inflammation in syphilis.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2026Review
- Article
- Diagnosis of Syphilis in Paraffin-Embedded Skin Biopsies: Comparison ofDermatopathology (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Syphilis and Tuberculosis as Mimickers of Autoimmune Diseases: Diagnostic Overlap and Surveillance Implications in Mexico.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Syphilis is a complex disease with variable clinical presentation where symptomatic and potentially infectious stages alternate with periods of latency, representing a fascinating model to study immune evasion and host immune responses. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC), bulk, and single-cell RNA sequencing were performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded skin biopsies collected from subjects with secondary syphilis. Additionally, PBMCs from healthy individuals and either primary or Results: Immunohistochemistry of secondary syphilis skin lesions showed a polymorphous immune infiltrate with colocalization of T cells, B cells and antigen-presenting cells. Single-cell analysis revealed distinct cellular contributions to the immune response, with prominent immune-stromal crosstalk accompanied by altered keratinocyte differentiation and decreased intraepidermal communication. Notably, prominent inflammatory signals were countered by concomitant regulatory responses, particularly in infiltrating myeloid cells. Exposure of PBMCs to live Discussion: Our data provide novel insights into the contribution of epidermal TLR sensing through MYD88 to the host response to syphilis infection, highlighting mechanisms by which
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