ArticleBMC nursing2025
Deltoid muscle intramuscular injection methods examining pain comfort satisfaction and fear in ShotBlocker helfer skin tap and standard techniques.
Article in BMC nursing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05577832 (Testing Different Methods of Intramuscular Injection), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Testing Different Methods of Intramuscular Injection : A Randomized Controlled Study
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation of the efficacy of manual pressure and local cold spray application in reducing pain caused by human anti-D immunoglobulin injection in pregnant women: a randomized controlled study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Trial
- Determinants of pain, anxiety and patient satisfaction during intravenous injection: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- A Theory-Based Nursing Scale for Measuring the Impact of Sleep Disturbance on Quality of Life.Nursing open · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDeltoid Muscle intramuscular (IM) injection is a standard nursing procedure that often causes discomfort and anxiety. Helfer Skin Tap (HST) and ShotBlocker have been introduced to reduce injection-related pain and improve patient experience.
aimThis study compares the effects of the deltoid muscle intramuscular injection techniques Helfer Skin Tap, ShotBlocker, and Standard Technique on patients' pain, comfort, satisfaction, and fear levels.
designThe study used a single-center, randomized, Controlled interventional study design in which three injection techniques were applied to one group.
participantsForty patients participated in the study.
methodsA single-center randomized controlled interventional study was conducted with patients from the Emergency Department of Atatürk University Study Hospital. Data collection tools included forms for sociodemographic characteristics, pain assessment, comfort levels, satisfaction, and fear related to injections. The interventions were applied once daily for three days, and data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.
resultsCompared to the Helfer Skin Tap and Standard Technique, the ShotBlocker technique caused the most minor pain and fear and the highest levels of comfort and satisfaction among patients.
conclusionThe findings suggest that the ShotBlocker technique is the most effective in reducing pain and fear while providing the highest comfort and satisfaction levels. This indicates its potential for widespread adoption in clinical practice to improve patient outcomes during deltoid muscle IM injections.
trial registrationThis research is a randomized controlled study. Therefore, a registration number was applied for at ClinicalTrials.gov. The registration number was obtained with the number "NCT05577832". (First Posted 13/10/2022) CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND/OR HEALTH POLICY: Due to its superior performance, the ShotBlocker technique should be integrated into nursing education and practice. This technique can improve the quality of patient care and enhance the patient experience during deltoid muscle IM injections.
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