ArticleCancer cell international2025
CD44 on cancer stem cell is a potential immunological and prognostic pan-cancer biomarker.
Article in Cancer cell international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Visible light reprograms MSCs and T cells into tumor-suppressive states via OPN4-mediated epigenetic remodeling.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Multi-omics, machine learning, and molecular simulation identify CD44 as a candidate target in endocrine-disrupting chemical-associated thyroid cancer progression.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- Single-cell analysis reveals crosstalk between TREM1-positive myeloid cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts in colorectal cancer progression.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- CD44 expression associates with EBV LMP1, reduced CD8⁺ T cell infiltration, and lower PD-L1 combined positive score in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Infectious agents and cancer · 2026Article
- Overcoming resistance in CD44-overexpressing myeloma through combination therapy with ATRA, bortezomib, and NK cells.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Integrative bioinformatics analysis unveils neuro-cancer crosstalk-related genes and establishes prognostic risk model in Glioblastoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Schisandrin B targets CD44 to inhibit glioblastoma multiforme.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- From Signaling Pathways to Combination Therapy: Bioactive Compounds against Cancer Stem Cells.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Targeted nanocomposite delivery system of amygdalin using chitosan/reduced graphene oxide-zinc oxide/hyaluronic acid for treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Network pharmacology and UHPLC-HRMS reveal the mechanism of QSFZYL and BMSCs overexpressing IFN-γ against lung adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Blackberry-Like Doxorubicin Loaded Hyaluronic Acid/Zinc Phthalocyanine Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposites for Long-Term Tumor Photodynamic and Chemotherapy Synergistic Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
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6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCD44, a widely recognized cancer stem cell marker, displayed a vital participation in the cancer immune invasion and may related with the response to the immunotherapy. However, the role of CD44 in cancer immunology is not well defined. Therefore, we intended to explore its prognostic value and potential immunological functions across 33 human cancer types.
methodsBased on the data of patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Sangerbox was used to analyze the correlations between CD44 expression and tumor-infiltrated immune cells, immune checkpoints, neoantigens, microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor mutational burden (TMB) in human cancers. A mouse model xenografted with shRNA-CD44 MC38 was established.
resultsThe elevated CD44 was associated with tumor stage and prognosis in several different cancers. GSEA results showed that upregulated CD44 involved in cancer stem cell associated process, antigen processing and presentation, and immune cells proliferation and activation. CD44 plays an essential role in the tumor immune regulation and immune checkpoints inhibitor response. The correlation of CD44 gene expression and infiltration levels of immune cells varied across different cancer types. Notably, the upregulation of CD44 expression is positively correlated with regulatory CD4 T cells, macrophages M1 and M2 in several analyzed cancers. Furthermore, we verified the effect of CD44 on tumor growth and immune microenvironment in mouse xenografted with shRNA-CD44 MC38. Moreover, DNA methylation existed in CD44 expression and associated with dysfunctional T-cell phenotypes via different mechanisms, thus resulting in tissue-dependent prognoses.
conclusionCD44 is both a cancer stem cell marker and a potential prognostic and immunological biomarker in various malignant tumors. Moreover, CD44 could be a novel target for immune-based therapy.
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