ArticleScientific reports2025
Elevated temperature and pressure performance of water based drilling mud with green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles and biodegradable polymer.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Preparation and Performance Evaluation of a Biodegradable Gel for Deep Coal Reservoir Drilling Fluids.Polymers · 2026Article
- Zwitterionic nanocomposites grafted onto titanium dioxide enhanced water-based drilling fluid for high-temperature and high-salinity deep resource development.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evaluating microstructural and machine learning predictive models for friction drilling of sustainable snail shell reinforced aluminium matrix composites.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Water-based mud (WBM) faces challenges in high-temperature, high-pressure (HTHP) conditions due to fluid loss and property degradation. Enhancing eco-friendly drilling fluids with optimal rheology is crucial for sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally safe drilling operations. This study formulated a WBM using green-synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs, ~ 45 nm) and tragacanth gum (TG), a biodegradable natural polymer. The synthesized ZnO NPs were comprehensively characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG) to determine their structural, morphological, and chemical properties. Rheological properties, including flow behavior index (n), consistency index (K), plastic viscosity (PV), and yield point (YP), were analyzed at 25, 50, and 75 °C using the Bingham-plastic and Power-law models. The accuracy of the model was validated using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), which assessed the significance of the results. Additionally, Design Expert software was utilized to optimize the concentrations of TG and ZnO for elevated temperature applications. Moreover, the response surface methodology (RSM) results were evaluated by reporting the R
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