Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40199936›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

A crosslinked eutectogel for ultrasensitive pressure and temperature monitoring from nostril airflow.

Tao Liu, Qinan Wu, Huansheng Liu, Xiyang Zhao, Xin Yi, Jing Liu, Zhenzhen Nong, Bingpu Zhou, Qingwen Wang, Zhenzhen Liu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Design and Sensing Applications of Eutectogels: A Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Ionic-Bionic Interfaces: Advancing Iontronic Strategies for Bioelectronic Sensing and Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  9. Autonomous Polymer Frameworks for Sustainable Tissue-Interfaced Plastic Bioelectronics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Tao Liu *The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3453-9840
Qinan Wu *Institute of Biomass Engineering, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
Huansheng LiuThe Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Xiyang ZhaoThe Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Xin YiInstitute of Biomass Engineering, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
Jing LiuInstitute of Biomass Engineering, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
Zhenzhen NongCollege of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
Bingpu ZhouJoint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4866-3105
Qingwen WangInstitute of Biomass Engineering, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
Zhenzhen LiuThe Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. liuzz@gzhmu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8651-1682

Funding

Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Guangdong Natural Science Foundation) 2023A1515012167
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Accurate detection of nostril airflow is vital for real-time respiratory monitoring. However, the developed methods only rely on single stimulus sensing for nostril airflow, which is extremely susceptible to interference in the complex environment, and severely affects the accuracy of detection results. Here, a multimodal integrated eutectogel sensor is explored to simultaneously sense the pressure and temperature stimuli of nostril airflow, by independently outputting capacitance and resistance, respectively, without cross-coupling. The completely physical crosslinking and the synergistic interaction of hydroxyapatite and tannic acid within the network endow this eutectogel with extremely low modulus, remarkable self-healing efficiency, robust adhesion, good environmental stability, and bio-compatibility. A multimodal sensor is developed by integrating this synthetic eutectogel with circuit design, which exhibits superior pressure sensitivity compared to other reported gel-based sensors. As a proof of concept, this sensor is further explored to diagnose the traditional respiratory disease of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome by simultaneously detecting five kinds of stimuli in the sleeping process, greatly improving the accuracy and reliability of the detection results. This work provides a highly effective strategy for achieving ultrasensitive respiratory monitoring and forecasting respiratory diseases.

Indexed as

NoseGelsHumansMonitoring, PhysiologicPressureSleep Apnea, ObstructiveTanninsTemperatureGelsTannins

Identifiers

PMID40199936
PMCPMC11978763

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.