Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40199913›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Data splitting to avoid information leakage with DataSAIL.

Roman Joeres, David B Blumenthal, Olga V Kalinina

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. ChemLint: Conversational Cheminformatics with Large Language Models.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2026
    Article
  2. Information leakage in enzyme-substrate prediction.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026
    Article
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  14. Multimodal Cross-Attentive Graph-Based Framework for Predicting In Vivo Endocrine Disruptors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
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  16. Defining the Data set Defines the QSAR Claim.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Roman JoeresHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany. roman.joeres@helmholtz-hips.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-2952-9395
David B BlumenthalDepartment Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8651-750X
Olga V KalininaHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9445-477X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Information leakage is an increasingly important topic in machine learning research for biomedical applications. When information leakage happens during a model's training, it risks memorizing the training data instead of learning generalizable properties. This can lead to inflated performance metrics that do not reflect the actual performance at inference time. We present DataSAIL, a versatile Python package to facilitate leakage-reduced data splitting to enable realistic evaluation of machine learning models for biological data that are intended to be applied in out-of-distribution scenarios. DataSAIL is based on formulating the problem to find leakage-reduced data splits as a combinatorial optimization problem. We prove that this problem is NP-hard and provide a scalable heuristic based on clustering and integer linear programming. Finally, we empirically demonstrate DataSAIL's impact on evaluating biomedical machine learning models.

Indexed as

Machine LearningSoftwareAlgorithmsHumans

Identifiers

PMID40199913
PMCPMC11978981

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.