ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2025
CD40L stimulates tumor-infiltrating B-cells and improves ex vivo TIL expansion.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05681780 (Clinical Trial of CD40L-augmented Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Clinical Trial of CD40L-augmented Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (CD40L TIL) for Patients With Oncogene-Driven Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- TLR9 Agonists Potentiate Adoptive T-cell Therapy in Cancer through a B-cell-CD2 Costimulatory Axis.Cancer research · 2026Article
- T cell receptor repertoire dynamics and newly identified functional regulators of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy in advanced solid tumors.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Dual stimulation of CD40 and 41BB pathways during ex-vivo TIL expansion enhances CD8+ T cell expansion.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- CD40 Agonist Therapy in Melanoma: Translating Preclinical Promise Into Clinical Practice.Pigment cell & melanoma research · 2026Review
- Zinc finger protein-associated gene signature serves as a potential predictor for prognosis and therapeutic response in lung adenocarcinoma.Amino acids · 2026Article
- Promoting APC function of B cells via reprogramming the fatty acid metabolism enhances anticancer immunity in metastatic ovarian cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- From Immunobiology to Clinical Application: Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Melanoma.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Tumor-infiltrating B cells participate in shaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment in solid tumors.International journal of cancer · 2026Review
- Regulatory B Cells in Tumor Microenvironment.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Evolving therapeutic pipeline for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in metastatic melanoma - a review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Adoptively transferred Th17 cells cooperate with host B cells to achieve durable tumor immunity.Cancer cell · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAdoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is now a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment for melanoma. While this is a major milestone, there is room for improvement to increase clinical response rates and to further optimize the manufacturing of TIL products. In this study, we characterized the association of tumor-infiltrating B-cells (TIL-B) and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) with clinical response to TIL therapy and tested whether the presence of B-cells in the tumor can be leveraged to optimize TIL manufacture.
methodsTumor sections from TIL responders (R, n=9) and non-responders (NR, n=11) were analyzed by RNA sequencing, and immune cell content was estimated in silico. To study the association between B-cells and TIL expansion, we quantified B-cell subsets and TIL phenotype by flow cytometry. CD40L-induced effects on melanoma-infiltrating B-cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and scRNA-sequencing.
resultsTumors from TIL clinical responders had greater abundance of class-switched B-cells (p=0.007) and a greater TLS score (p=0.03) than those of NRs. In addition, greater abundance of B-cells (p≤0.05) and switched memory B-cells (CD27
conclusionsOur results show that CD40L-stimulated B-cells can be leveraged to enhance the quality and quantity of TIL. Clinical trial NCT05681780 is currently testing this concept applied to NSCLC TIL.
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