ArticleJournal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics2025
Malnutrition Risk Among the 2022 National Survey of Older Americans Act Participants: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundInclusion of malnutrition risk screening information in the 2022 National Survey of Older Americans Act Participants (NSOAAP) provided a first-time opportunity to estimate malnutrition risk in a representative sample of Older Americans Act (OAA) program participants.
objectiveDescribe malnutrition risk prevalence and associated characteristics among 2022 NSOAAP participants, focusing particularly on those in home-delivered meal (HDM) and congregate meal (CM) programs.
designCross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of 5 OAA service programs. PARTICIPANTS/
settingOAA nutrition (HDM, n = 941; CM, n = 738) and non-nutrition (homemaker, n = 457; case management, n = 490; transportation, n = 905) program participants in the 2022 NSOAAP.
main outcome measuresMalnutrition risk evaluated with the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST). MST scores range 0 to 5, with ≥2 = malnutrition risk. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Malnutrition risk prevalence was estimated within each OAA program and by demographic and health characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed for HDM and CM participants to assess associations between malnutrition risk and duration of OAA nutrition program participation, food insecurity, and percentage of daily food intake from OAA meals, after adjusting for covariates.
resultsTotal malnutrition risk prevalence was 19.5%; by program type, it was 19.4% HDM, 16.7% CM, 22.5% homemaker, 22.1% case management, and 21.4% transportation, with no statistically significant differences between programs. Participants receiving HDMs for 2 to 5 years were 72% less likely to be at malnutrition risk compared with those receiving HDMs for ≤6 months (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.28; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 0.19-0.44; P < .05). No association between malnutrition risk and length receiving meals among CM participants was observed. Associations between risk and percentage daily food intake from OAA meals or food insecurity were not observed for HDM or CM participants.
conclusionApproximately one-fifth of OAA program participants were at malnutrition risk in 2022 across all programs, and evidence suggested that risk may decline with continued HDM OAA nutrition program participation.
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