ArticlePLoS pathogens2025
A targeted CRISPR screen identifies ETS1 as a regulator of HIV-1 latency.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed.
- A screen of chromatin-targeting compounds identifies TAF1 as a novel regulator of HIV latency.mBio · 2026Article
- Article
- Single cell multiomic analysis of the impact of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on HIV infected CD4 T cells.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Using single cell technologies to understand HIV latency models.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- The role of Tat in HIV latency and reactivation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
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Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is regulated by a wide array of host cell factors that combine to influence viral transcription and latency. To understand the complex relationship between the host cell and HIV-1 latency, we performed a lentiviral CRISPR screen that targeted a set of host cell genes whose expression or activity correlates with HIV-1 expression. We further investigated one of the identified factors - the transcription factor ETS1, and found that it is required for maintenance of HIV-1 latency in both latently infected cell lines and in a primary CD4 T cell latency model. Interestingly, ETS1 played divergent roles in actively infected and latently infected CD4 T cells, with knockout of ETS1 leading to reduced HIV-1 expression in actively infected cells, but increased HIV-1 expression in latently infected cells, indicating that ETS1 can play both a positive and negative role in HIV-1 expression. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of ETS1 in CD4 T cells from ART-suppressed people with HIV-1 (PWH) confirmed that ETS1 maintains transcriptional repression of the clinical HIV-1 reservoir. Transcriptomic profiling of ETS1-depleted cells from PWH identified a set of host cell pathways involved in viral transcription that are controlled by ETS1 in resting CD4 T cells. In particular, we observed that ETS1 knockout increased expression of the long non-coding RNA MALAT1 that has been previously identified as a positive regulator of HIV-1 expression. Furthermore, the impact of ETS1 depletion on HIV-1 expression in latently infected cells was partially dependent on MALAT1. Additionally, we demonstrate that ETS1 knockout resulted in enhanced abundance of activating modifications (H3K9Ac, H3K27Ac, H3K4me3) on histones located at the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR), indicating that ETS1 regulates the activity of chromatin-targeting complexes at the HIV-1 LTR. Overall, these data demonstrate that ETS1 is an important regulator of HIV-1 latency that impacts HIV-1 expression through repressing MALAT1 expression and by regulating modification of proviral histones.
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