Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40198574›Full record

ArticlePloS one2025

Workplace inequities and health outcomes among Black professionals in Canada.

Dora A Mugambi, Karim Keshavjee, Oliver Emre Aygun, Tina K Mbinda, Aziz Guergachi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Dora A MugambiIHPME, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0009-0003-0925-7590
Karim KeshavjeeIHPME, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-1317-7035
Oliver Emre AygunTed Rogers School of Management, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Tina K MbindaTed Rogers School of Management, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Aziz GuergachiIHPME, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAnti-Black racism in Canada remains a significant barrier to the career advancement and overall well-being of Black professionals. Despite the existence of policies and legislation aimed at reducing workplace discrimination, Black Canadians continue to face systemic racism, microaggressions, and various forms of discrimination that hinder their professional growth and contribute to a hostile work environment.

objectiveThis study explores the specific manifestations of anti-Black racism in Canadian workplaces, examines the physical and mental health impacts on Black professionals, and investigates the responses and coping mechanisms employed by these individuals in the face of racism.

methodsA qualitative study was conducted involving semi-structured interviews with 24 Black professionals from diverse sectors, including healthcare, information technology, academia, and public service. Participants were selected based on their professional experience and self-identification as Black. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed using LeximancerTM software to identify recurring themes and patterns.

resultsThe study identified three primary themes: (1) Mechanisms of anti-Black racism, including microaggressions, overt bias, and tokenism; (2) Impacts of anti-Black racism, such as mental health trauma, career stagnation, and exacerbation of chronic health conditions; and (3) Responses of Black professionals, including code-switching, self-preservation behaviors, and early exit from the workplace. The findings reveal that despite high academic achievement and leadership positions, Black professionals face persistent discrimination that affects their career trajectories and personal lives.

conclusionAnti-Black racism in Canadian workplaces is deeply entrenched and continues to negatively impact the lives and careers of Black professionals. The study highlights the need for more effective diversity and inclusion initiatives that address the root causes of racism. Further research is recommended to explore the economic and psychological impacts of anti-Black racism and to develop strategies to mitigate its effects in the workplace.

Indexed as

Black PeopleRacismWorkplaceAdaptation, PsychologicalAdultCanadaFemaleHumansMaleMental HealthMiddle AgedQualitative Research

Identifiers

PMID40198574
PMCPMC11978016

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.