ArticleMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)2025
A Wheat Protoplast Assay for Positive Effector Screening and Investigation of Host-Pathogen Interactions.
Article in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Fungal pathogens present a severe risk to food systems; however, complex crop-microbe interactions are challenging to study using tools developed for model species. In particular, efficient screening and rapid assessment of microbial effectors is hindered by a lack of cloned resistance (R) genes and difficulty in validating large numbers of predicted effector candidates. This chapter describes a protocol for preparing wheat protoplasts to enable positive identification of host defense induction without overexpression of a cloned R gene, increasing the available pool of host resistance genes for screening. The assay uses polyethylene glycol (PEG)-calcium-mediated transient transfection to introduce candidate effector gene constructs into wheat protoplasts, with a defense-activated reporter for inducing a positive readout with internal normalization, indicating host recognition. This protocol provides a valuable tool for the study of host-pathogen interactions in wheat, contributing to improved resources for the development of disease-resistant crops and genome-informed pathogen surveillance.
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