Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40197810›Full record

ReviewAddiction (Abingdon, England)2025

Naloxone dosing in the era of synthetic opioids: Applying the Goldilocks principle.

Mariana Gonzalez Utrilla, Edward Chesney, Joanne Neale, Nicola Metrebian, Nicola Kalk, Arne Kristian Skulberg, Paul Dietze, Martin Smith, John Strang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Observational
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mariana Gonzalez UtrillaNational Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7632-7396
Edward ChesneyNational Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2851-5252
Joanne NealeNational Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1502-5983
Nicola MetrebianNational Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3581-1703
Nicola KalkNational Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3820-9243
Arne Kristian SkulbergDivision of Prehospital Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1735-4820
Paul DietzeDisease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
Martin SmithDerbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK.
John StrangNational Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-2725

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The opioid overdose epidemic remains a critical public health crisis. In recent years, synthetic opioids like fentanyl and nitazenes, have driven a sharp rise in deaths. Naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, has been established as a key intervention for reversing opioid overdoses and saving lives. However, there remains a critical need to optimize naloxone dosing strategies. This article examines the challenges of both under-dosing and over-antagonism in naloxone administration, emphasizing the importance of a tailored approach to overdose management. A 'just the right dose' approach is essential for minimizing the risks of over-antagonism while still reversing opioid overdose. This involves starting with a modest naloxone dose and carefully titrating it based on the patient's response, considering factors such as opioid type, overdose severity, and opioid tolerance. A tailored approach to naloxone dosing may present challenges for non-medically trained responders but it can ensure that as many people as possible receive the right dose of naloxone when they need it. Training programs should also emphasize the importance of first aid and supportive care, including airway management and alerting emergency services, as well as careful monitoring of the patient's response.

Indexed as

Analgesics, OpioidDrug OverdoseNaloxoneNarcotic AntagonistsOpiate OverdoseDose-Response Relationship, DrugHumansAnalgesics, OpioidNaloxoneNarcotic Antagonistsnaloxonenaloxone dosageopioid antagonistopioid overdoseopioid overdose reversaloverdose prevention

Identifiers

PMID40197810
PMCPMC12529241

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.