ArticleThe European journal of neuroscience2025
Stable Enhancement of Corticospinal Excitability by the Combination of Paired Associative Stimulation and Interlimb Cortical Network.
Article in The European journal of neuroscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Intersegmental Modulation of Lower-Limb Corticospinal Excitability and Inhibition Induced by Upper-Limb Isometric Contractions: A Systematic Review.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Neuromodulatory effects of voluntary-motor-effort-driven wrist-hand robot in sensorimotor dynamics after stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Inter-individual variability is a common issue of noninvasive brain stimulation. This study aimed to augment neuroplasticity induced by paired associative stimulation (PAS) through leveraging interlimb neural interactions. Specifically, we assessed lower-limb corticospinal excitability when voluntary ipsilateral upper-limb muscle contraction (UMC) was integrated into lower-limb PAS in 19 able-bodied young adults. PAS targeted the right soleus muscle (i.e., a lower-limb muscle), pairing peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to modulate cortical excitability. Experiment 1 evaluated motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) after PAS + UMC, PAS, and UMC interventions. Experiment 2 investigated the modulation of MEP and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) following PAS + UMC and PAS interventions, with focused attention on PNS. During PAS + UMC intervention, participants performed right wrist flexion at 30% maximum voluntary contraction coinciding with stimulation. Results showed a significant increase in MEPs 30 min after PAS + UMC intervention, with enhanced increase under controlled attention. The H-reflex slightly increased 15 and 30 min after PAS + UMC intervention. SICI increased 30 min after PAS + UMC intervention, though the correlation between MEP and SICI observed in PAS intervention was absent in PAS + UMC intervention. Our findings suggest that combining lower-limb PAS with UMC can facilitate lower-limb corticospinal excitability more effectively than conventional PAS, despite the complex neural mechanism underlying PAS.
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