Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40197271›Full record

ArticleBMC veterinary research2025

Prevalence and genetic characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy cattle in northern China.

Yangyang Xiao, Yang Liu, Tianying Chi, Wen Jiang, Tao He, Lihua Xu, Qianqian Dong, Rui Qing Chen, Zhongxiao An, Xiangxiang Sun and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC veterinary research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Comprehensive molecular epidemiology of BVDV in yaks (Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Yangyang Xiao *College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
Yang Liu *Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (South), China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, Shandong, China.
Tianying ChiKey Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (South), China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, Shandong, China.
Wen JiangKey Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (South), China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, Shandong, China.
Tao HeCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
Lihua XuCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750000, Ningxia, China.
Qianqian DongCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
Rui Qing ChenCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
Zhongxiao AnCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
Xiangxiang SunKey Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (South), China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, Shandong, China.
Jinliang ShengCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China. sjlshz@126.com.
Faxing WuKey Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (South), China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, Shandong, China. wufaxing@cahec.cn.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 32460872
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the major viral pathogens responsible for respiratory disease complexes in cattle and other ruminants; it has spread worldwide and poses a significant threat to the cattle industry. To understand the prevalence and genetic diversity of BVDV in northern China, this study conducted an epidemiological survey of BVDV in dairy cows across 13 provinces in northern China from June 2022 to June 2024. A total of 2,199 nasal swab samples were analyzed by RT-PCR.

resultsThe results revealed an overall positive rate of 6.05% for BVDV, with values of 6.47% from June 2022 to June 2023 and 5.59% from July 2023 to June 2024. Notably, the positive rate varied by region, with the highest prevalence in Shandong (9.62%) and the lowest in Hebei (1.61%). Phylogenetic analysis of 53 positive samples revealed that all belonged to BVDV-1, with the predominant sub-genotypes being 1a (47.17%), 1 m (28.30%), and 1c (9.43%). No BVDV-2 or BVDV-3 was detected, indicating that BVDV-1a is the most prevalent strain in northern China. This study also highlighted the genetic diversity of BVDV, with nucleotide homology among the sub-genotypes ranging from 70.2 to 92.1%.

conclusionsAn epidemiological survey of BVDV conducted in 13 provinces (regions) in northern China between 2022 and 2024 revealed a positive rate of 6.05%. The prevalent genotype identified was BVDV-1, with the predominant sub-genotypes being BVDV-1a, BVDV-1 m, and BVDV-1c. The findings of this study provide new evidence for the molecular epidemiology and genetic evolution of BVDV transmission in northern China, laying a foundational basis for the development of vaccination and control strategies against BVDV.

Indexed as

Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal DiseaseDiarrhea Viruses, Bovine ViralAnimalsCattleChinaDairyingFemaleGenetic VariationGenotypePhylogenyPrevalenceBovine viral diarrheaDairy cattleGenetic diversityNorth ChinaPrevalence characterization

Identifiers

PMID40197271
PMCPMC11974109

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.