Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40196968›Full record

ArticleMayo Clinic proceedings2025

Trends in the Incidence of Hypertension Among Healthy Adults Across 6 Decades.

Andrew D Rule, Daniel C Waller, Erika S Helgeson, Alanna M Chamberlain, Alison C Saiki, Eliabe Silva de Abreu, Salma Kiwan, Naim S Issa, Aidan F Mullan, Gary L Schwartz and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Andrew D RuleDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Electronic address: Rule.Andrew@mayo.edu.
Daniel C WallerDivision of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Erika S HelgesonDivision of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Alanna M ChamberlainDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Alison C SaikiDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Eliabe Silva de AbreuDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Salma KiwanDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Naim S IssaDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Aidan F MullanDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Gary L SchwartzDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Arthur J MatasDivision of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
David M VockDivision of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Funding

Outcomes in living kidney donors over 50 years compared to a healthy matched contemporaneous non-donor cohort from the same geographical regionR01DK125431 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI ARTHUR J MATAS, ANDREW David RULE · 2020 to 2026
$3.4M
Interdisciplinary Infrastructure for Aging Research: Rochester Epidemiology ProjectR33AG058738 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI LEBRASSEUR, NATHAN K, OLSON, JANET E · 2020 to 2022
$2.4M
Interdisciplinary Infrastructure for Aging Research: Rochester Epidemiology ProjectR21AG058738 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI LEBRASSEUR, NATHAN K, OLSON, JANET E · 2018 to 2019
$437k
NIA NIH HHS R21 AG058738NIA NIH HHS R33 AG058738NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK125431
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine long-term trends in the incidence of hypertension. PATIENTS AND

methodsHealthy adults in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1962 to 2012 were identified and studied with follow-up through 2024. One blood pressure (BP) reading for each calendar year (as available) through follow-up was identified. Hypertension was defined by BP ≥130/80 mm Hg or ≥140/90 mm Hg in 2 different calendar years or by use of antihypertensive medication. Analyses were adjusted for calendar period, age, sex, race, tobacco smoking, nontobacco substance use, depression/anxiety, dyslipidemia; family history of diabetes mellitus or hypertension, body mass index, systolic and diastolic BP, and fasting blood glucose level. Cumulative incidence estimates of hypertension accounted for death as a competing risk and were adjusted to characteristics of the 2000-2012 subcohort.

resultsThere were 8323 healthy adults studied (mean age, 39 years). Risk factors for hypertension were older age, male sex, Black race, past and current tobacco smoking, current substance use, depression/anxiety, family history of diabetes or hypertension, higher systolic and diastolic BP, higher blood glucose level, higher body mass index, and period. For the baseline periods of 1963-1969, 1970-1979, 1980-1989, 1990-1999, and 2000-2012, the adjusted 20-year cumulative incidence of hypertension defined by BP ≥130/80 mm Hg was 45%, 47%, 54%, 70%, and 67%; by BP ≥140/90 mm Hg was 22%, 24%, 26%, 35%, and 33%; and by medication use alone was 13%, 12%, 13%, 17%, and 19%, respectively.

conclusionA large increase in the incidence of hypertension among healthy adults occurred in the 1990s, with subsequent stabilization.

Indexed as

HypertensionAdultAgedBlood PressureFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedMinnesotaRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID40196968
PMCPMC12049255

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.