Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40196747›Full record

ArticleJournal of health monitoring2025

Prevalence of obesity and smoking among adults in Germany - trends from 2003 to 2023.

Anne Starker, Anja Schienkiewitz, Stefan Damerow, Ronny Kuhnert

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of health monitoring, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. [New developments in endocrinology/diabetology].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Social inequalities in cancer in Germany: a call to action.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
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  14. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Anne StarkerRobert Koch Institute, Department of Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany.
Anja SchienkiewitzRobert Koch Institute, Department of Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany.
Stefan DamerowRobert Koch Institute, Department of Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany.
Ronny KuhnertRobert Koch Institute, Department of Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a significant public health challenge. Obesity and smoking are among the major risk factors for their development. In addition to individual behavioural changes, public health measures can help prevent NCDs by creating health-promoting conditions for the population. The aim of this paper is to analyse trends in obesity and smoking prevalence in Germany over time and place these trends in the context of existing public health measures for structural prevention. Method: The prevalence of obesity and smoking over the last 20 years was examined using data from the Robert Koch Institute Telephone Health Surveys and the German Health Update. Results: Between 2003 and 2023, the prevalence of obesity increased from 12.2 % to 19.7 % among women and men, for all age and education groups. The prevalence of smoking decreased from 32.1 % to 28.8 %, especially among younger people and in the highly educated group, but the decline has slowed in recent years. Conclusions: The continuous increase in obesity prevalence between 2003 and 2023 indicates that measures taken so far to prevent obesity have been insufficient. It is therefore imperative not only to address behavioural change at the individual level, but also to implement population-wide, settings-based prevention measures. In addition, more consistent implementation of regulatory measures is needed to further reduce tobacco consumption.

Indexed as

GEDAGSTelHealth monitoringObesitySelf-reportSmokingTrends

Identifiers

PMID40196747
PMCPMC11973604

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.