ArticleJournal of pain research2025
Association Between Educational Attainment and Chronic Pain: A Mediation Mendelian Randomization Study.
Article in Journal of pain research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Causal effect of education on low back pain, intervertebral disc degeneration and sciatica: Mendelian randomization study.Future science OA · 2025Article
- Assessment of Quality of Life Among Patients Experiencing Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study at King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The underlying association between educational attainment (EA) and chronic pain (CP) risk is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship of EA with CP using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for EA were selected from the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium (SSGAC). Inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, penalized weighted median, maximum likelihood (ML), and MR-Egger methods were used to estimate causal effects. Two sample MR analyses were undertaken to assess whether EA has a causal effect on CP. We also performed mediation analyses to estimate the mediation effects. Results: A genetically predicted higher EA was associated with a decreased risk of multisite chronic pain (MCP) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.772, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.732-0.816 per one standard deviation of longer education, P < 0.05), and the Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data for chronic widespread pain (CWP) supported the result mentioned above. Potential mediators included body mass index (BMI) (OR = 1.176, 95% CI 1.091-1.267, P < 0.05), smoking (OR = 1.054, 95% CI 1.028-1.081, P < 0.05), and depression (OR = 1.201, 95% CI 1.147-1.258, P < 0.05) have all been proven to be causally associated with MCP. The proportions of the effects of genetically predicted EA mediated through genetically predicted BMI, smoking, and depression were 17.1%, 23.6%, and 9.2%, respectively. Conclusion: Genetically predicted higher educational attainment reduces multisite chronic pain risk, partially mediated by body mass index (17.1%), smoking (23.6%), and depression (9.2%), highlighting education's protective role and its potential in chronic pain prevention strategies.
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