ArticleCureus2025
Penetration Depth and Tissue Interaction of Focused Extracorporeal Shock Waves: An In-vitro Investigation.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2026Pooled it
- Focused Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain: A Randomized Crossover Pilot Study in Stroke Patients.Journal of pain research · 2025Trial
- Narrative review: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for pain management in musculoskeletal rehabilitation: Mechanisms, clinical applications, and safety.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionExtracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a non-invasive therapeutic approach with minimal consequences, extensively utilized for the management of musculoskeletal problems. Focused ESWT (f-ESWT) is known to have regenerative effects on muscle and bone tissues; however, little is known about its penetration and propagation in different tissues.
objectiveTo assess the reach of f-ESWT in soft tissues and bone tissues.
methodsAn in-vitro observational study was conducted. A piezoelectric shock wave device was used to evaluate the penetration and visual propagation of shock waves in an aquarium with water in muscle tissues (ham) of different thicknesses, and bone tissues (scapula and femur). High-resolution images and videos were captured to observe the penetration of mechanical waves into the different tissues.
resultsLight beams and air bubbles were observed, consistent with the propagation of f-ESWT through different tissues. The f-ESWT was able to penetrate wide bones such as the femur and thin bones such as the scapula.
conclusionF-ESWT is capable of penetrating soft tissues and bone tissues depending on the depth. This is an important study for the safe application of f-ESWT by a healthcare professional with prior anatomical knowledge.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.