ArticleNature communications2025
Thermal inactivation spectrum of influenza A H5N1 virus in raw milk.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- HA thermostability mutations S84F, G167N, and D168N potentiate H9N2 virus transmission in a warming environment.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Building resilient food safety systems through a One Health approach to prepare for the next pandemic.NPJ science of food · 2026Review
- Characterization of bovine-derived H5N1 viruses expressing fluorescent and luminescent reporter proteins.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment of Human H5N1 Infection From Consumption of Fluid Cow's Milk.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2026Article
- Quantitative microbial risk assessment of human H5N1 infection from consumption of fluid cow's milk.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Stability of influenza viruses in the milk of cows and sheep.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Inactivation of Avian Influenza Virus in Raw Milk Kefir.Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- Influenza A virus-induced interferon-alpha production by myeloid dendritic cells and macrophages requires productive infection.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- H5N1 influenza virus stability and transmission risk in raw milk and cheese.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Risk of infection of dairy cattle in the EU with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus affecting dairy cows in the United States of America (H5N1, Eurasian lineage goose/Guangdong clade 2.3.4.4b. genotype B3.13).EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Better models mean better risk assessment for influenza A infection.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Survival of influenza virus H1N1 and murine norovirus in raw milk cheeses.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Pasteurized Milk Serves as a Passive Surveillance Tool for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Dairy Cattle.Viruses · 2025Article
- Repeated oral exposure to H5N1 influenza virus in pasteurized milk does not cause adverse responses to subsequent influenza infection.Science advances · 2025Article
- Detection of Hemagglutinin H5 Influenza A Virus RNA and Model of Potential Inputs in an Urban California Sewershed.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in dairy cattle: implications for public health, animal health, and pandemic preparedness.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Review
- Risk posed by the HPAI virus H5N1, Eurasian lineage goose/Guangdong clade 2.3.4.4b. genotype B3.13, currently circulating in the US.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- CD147 mediates the adsorption of influenza A virus on the cell surface through direct interaction with HA.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Avian influenza overview June-September 2024.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The spillover of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus to dairy cows and shedding of high amounts of infectious virus in milk raised public health concerns. Here, we evaluated the decay and thermal stability spectrum of HPAI H5N1 virus in raw milk. For the decay studies, HPAI H5N1 positive raw milk was incubated at different temperatures and viral titers and the decimal reduction time values (D-values) were estimated. We then heat-treated HPAI H5N1 virus positive milk using different thermal conditions including pasteurization and thermization conditions. Efficient inactivation of the virus (5-6 logs) was observed in all tested conditions, except for thermization at 50 °C for 10 min. Utilizing a submerged coil system with temperature ramp up times that resemble commercial pasteurizers, we showed that the virus was rapidly inactivated by pasteurization and most thermization conditions. These results provide important insights into the efficacy of thermal conditions and food safety measures utilized in the dairy industry.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.