ArticleImmunologic research2025
Phenotypic characterization of tumor associated macrophages and circulating monocytes in patients with Urothelial carcinoma of bladder.
Article in Immunologic research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- NK cell hyperactivation drives macrophage repolarization and limits M2 bias in pemphigus vulgaris.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Tumor immune microenvironment and immune phenotypes in PD-L1-tested canine urothelial carcinoma.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Taurine-mediated metabolic immune crosstalk indicates and promotes immunosuppression with anti-PD-1 resistance in bladder cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTargeting immune checkpoints has shown clinical efficacy in Urothelial carcinoma of bladder (UBC); however, a substantial percentage of patients remains unresponsive, which warrants the elucidation of novel therapeutic targets to circumvent immune suppression. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are known for their indispensable role in cancer immunosuppression however, their phenotype and functionality in UBC is not yet clear. MATERIALS AND
methodsPhenotypic composition and functional markers of TAMs, and circulating monocytes were assessed in surgically resected bladder tumors and PBMC of UBC patients (n = 40). Besides, 40 healthy volunteers were recruited to draw comparisons for peripheral monocytes. Monocytes from patients were treated with autologous bladder tumor conditioned media (TCM) to assess its effects on macrophage-based markers.
resultsThe infiltration of TAMs was significantly increased in bladder tumor tissue by 21.2% and which displayed both M1 and M2 phenotypic markers, wherein M2 phenotype exhibited positive correlation with disease severity. Circulating monocytes exhibited an increase in frequency of non-classical monocytes by 17.42% and elevated M2-macrophage markers by 20%. Further, TAMs and circulating monocytes exhibits an elevated expression of IL- 10 and inhibitory immune checkpoints (PD-1, PD-L1, and B7-H4). Stimulation of patient-derived monocytes with TCM further augmented the expression of immune checkpoints, and immunosuppressive markers like IL-10, TGF-β and CX3CR- 1. Lastly, M2 phenotype of TAMs and PD-L1+ and B7-H4 + TAMs displayed positive correlation with clinico-pathological parameters in UBC patients.
conclusionThis study presents TAMs with an immunosuppressive phenotype that correlates positively with disease severity and suggests TAMs as a potential therapeutic candidate to restore the anti-tumor immunity in UBC.
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Registered trials
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