ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology2025
Analysis of Spaceflight-Associated Biometric and Refractive Changes in Astronauts.
Article in American journal of ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Optic Nerve Vasculature and Countermeasure Assessment in a Bedrest Analogue of Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Trial
- Physiological cerebrospinal fluid interactions between brain and eye structures are altered after long-duration spaceflight.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS): expert consensus on diagnosis and management.Eye (London, England) · 2026Review
- Ophthalmic and Visual System Changes in Human Spaceflight: A Review of Mechanisms, Measurement, and Countermeasures.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Effect of Shallow Anterior Chamber on Postoperative Refractive Status in Patients of Age-Related Cataract.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence Deep Learning Models to Predict Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo study changes in ocular biometry and refraction in the largest cohort to date of astronauts who have experienced long-duration spaceflight on the International Space Station (ISS).
designA prospective cohort study.
participants29 astronauts.
methodsPreflight and postflight cycloplegic refraction and ocular biometry measurements were obtained from 56 eyes among 29 subjects. For each eye, the preflight-to-postflight changes in spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AL), average corneal curvature (K), and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were calculated. The Fyodorov and Olsen-C formulas were used to estimate the relative contribution of each biometric parameter individually to the total change in SE. A linear mixed-model approach was used to assess the relationships between refraction measurements, biometric parameters, optic disc edema, and duration on the ISS.
main outcome measuresPreflight-to-postflight changes in spherical equivalent, axial length, average corneal curvature, and anterior chamber depth.
results27/56 (48.2%) eyes underwent a hyperopic shift, 8/56 (14.3%) underwent a myopic shift, and 21/56 (37.5%) eyes had no measurable change in SE. On average, this equated to a mild hyperopic shift of +0.12 D (95% CI, +0.02 to +0.22 D) that arose from a decrease in AL of -0.09 mm (95% CI, -0.14 to -0.04 mm), mitigated by a shortening in ACD of -0.09 mm (95% CI, -0.12 to -0.06 mm). Changes in K were variable and had little contribution to SE changes at the group level but often showed substantial change at the individual level. Statistical modeling revealed the greatest predictor for refractive change was baseline preflight refraction (P = .034), with myopic individuals experiencing the largest hyperopic shifts (and never a myopic shift) and baseline hyperopic individuals experiencing variable myopic to mildly hyperopic shifts.
conclusionsSpaceflight is associated with decreases in AL and ACD and variable changes in K. On average, these changes result in a mild hyperopic shift in SE, although myopic shifts can be observed at the individual level. Prior reports of greater hyperopic shift may be a result of subjects being more myopic at baseline.
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