Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40193612›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

Motion artifact-controlled micro-brain sensors between hair follicles for persistent augmented reality brain-computer interfaces.

Hodam Kim, Ju Hyeon Kim, Yoon Jae Lee, Jimin Lee, Hyojeong Han, Hoon Yi, Hyeonseok Kim, Hojoong Kim, Tae Woog Kang, Suyeong Chung and 9 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Full-Stack Architectures for Intelligent Brain-Computer Interfaces.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  4. Wrinkle-Adaptive Kirigami Wearables With Anisotropic Deformability for Sleep EEG Monitoring.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Hodam Kim *Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center, Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.ORCID 0000-0003-0439-6236
Ju Hyeon Kim *Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center, Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.ORCID 0000-0001-7703-0468
Yoon Jae Lee *Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center, Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.ORCID 0000-0002-4159-5966
Jimin LeeWearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center, Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.
Hyojeong HanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0009-0006-4437-7274
Hoon YiWearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center, Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.
Hyeonseok KimWearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center, Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.
Hojoong KimWearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center, Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.
Tae Woog KangWearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center, Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.
Suyeong ChungWearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center, Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.ORCID 0009-0008-5801-4647
Seunghyeb BanWearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center, Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.
Byeongjun LeeWearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center, Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.
Haran LeeWearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center, Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.
Chang-Hwan ImDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-3795-3318
Seong J ChoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-3528-2808
Jung Woo SohnSchool of Mechanical System Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea.
Ki Jun YuFunctional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
Tae June KangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
Woon-Hong YeoWearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Center, Institute for Matter and Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.ORCID 0000-0002-5526-3882

Funding

Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) P0017303NSF (NSF) ECCS-2025462
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Modern brain-computer interfaces (BCI), utilizing electroencephalograms for bidirectional human-machine communication, face significant limitations from movement-vulnerable rigid sensors, inconsistent skin-electrode impedance, and bulky electronics, diminishing the system's continuous use and portability. Here, we introduce motion artifact-controlled micro-brain sensors between hair strands, enabling ultralow impedance density on skin contact for long-term usable, persistent BCI with augmented reality (AR). An array of low-profile microstructured electrodes with a highly conductive polymer is seamlessly inserted into the space between hair follicles, offering high-fidelity neural signal capture for up to 12 h while maintaining the lowest contact impedance density (0.03 kΩ·cm

Indexed as

Augmented RealityBrainBrain-Computer InterfacesHair FollicleAlgorithmsArtifactsElectrodesElectroencephalographyEvoked Potentials, VisualHumansMotionaugmented realitybrain–computer interfacesconducting polymerelectroencephalographymicro–brain sensors

Identifiers

PMID40193612
PMCPMC12012477

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.