Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40192652›Full record

ArticleAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)2025

Photoactivated Enzymatic Reaction Network Enables Spatiotemporal Programming of Thiol/Disulfide Redox Systems.

Aritra Sarkar, Piet J M Swinkels, Lea Duttenhofer, Pol Besenius, Andreas Walther

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Aritra SarkarDepartment of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
Piet J M SwinkelsDepartment of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
Lea DuttenhoferDepartment of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
Pol BeseniusDepartment of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
Andreas WaltherDepartment of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.

Funding

Alexander von Humboldt FoundationDFG 465145163
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Implementing photoactivation into chemical reaction networks (CRNs) offers opportunities for on-demand and remote activation, fuel storage, creating autonomous materials and systems with precise spatial activation. However, examples in this domain remain limited. Here, we introduce a cascaded redox-based enzymatic reaction network (ERN) capable of photoinitiation and refueling, centered around dissipative aromatic disulfide bond formation. To achieve photoinitiation, we integrate an upstream enzymatic module (EM) into the ERN, where the substrate of the EM can be photouncaged using blue light irradiation. A downstream regeneration system enhances the robustness of the reducing environment for repeated fueling. This cascaded ERN operates in solution, allowing for controlled dissipative disulfide formation while avoiding short-circuit reactions (SCR) between the oxidative and reductive halves of the reaction cycle. To showcase the utility of this photoactivated ERN, we couple it with aromatic thiol-terminated star polymers (sPEG-ArSH) to enable spatiotemporally controlled dissipative hydrogel formation using lithographic masks.

Indexed as

Chemical reaction networkHydrogelsSpatiotemporal controlSystems chemistryThiol‐disulfide system

Identifiers

PMID40192652
PMCPMC12171324

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.