ArticleMacromolecular bioscience2025
A Novel Series of Synthetic Heparin-Mimetics-Itaconic Acid-Containing Copolymers for Targeting Tumor Cell Coagulability and Metastasis.
Article in Macromolecular bioscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Itaconate and its derivatives in human health and diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Comparing Heparin and Heparin Mimetics in Targeting Immunomodulatory Proteins from Platelets to Activate T Cell-Dependent Immune Response in Oncology.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- Fully Synthetic Non-Carbohydrate Heparin Mimetics-Perspectives for Therapeutic Anticoagulation and Beyond?Archiv der Pharmazie · 2026Review
- A Novel Series of Synthetic Heparin-Mimetics-Itaconic Acid-Containing Copolymers for Targeting Tumor Cell Coagulability and Metastasis.Macromolecular bioscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Thromboses are potentially fatal complication in malignant tumor diseases. Today, oral anticoagulants are considered equivalent alternatives to low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in guideline-based treatments of cancer-associated thromboses. Nevertheless, debates on potential antitumorigenic heparin activities beyond anticoagulation are still highly relevant. However, disclosure of heparin targeted activities is complicated by the heterogeneous structure of this glycosaminoglycan of natural origin. Therefore, synthetic polymers appear promising as heparin mimetics to interfere with different steps in tumor metastatic spread. Here, the synthesis of noncarbohydrate copolymers of itaconic acid is described with either potassium-3-sulfopropylmethacrylate (SPMA), sodium 4-styrenesulfonate (SS), or 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate (AMPS) via reversible addition-fragmentation-chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The copolymers, characterized by GPC, display high efficiencies to inhibit heparanase enzymatic activity, exceeding the potency of the clinical candidate PG545. The SS-copolymers (poly(SS-co-IA)) outperform the other copolymers and LMWH in blocking tumor cell-induced platelet activation (TCIPA), thus platelet degranulation or aggregation as key issues in metastasis by reducing thrombin formation. The cytotoxicity of poly(SS-co-IA) is very low. Notably, poly(SS-co-IA) copolymers displayed a thousand-fold lower binding affinity to platelet factor-4 (PF4) than unfractionated heparin (UFH), suggesting a lower risk for HIT II susceptibility. The indicated polymers represent promising heparin mimetics with superior activities in oncology for metastatic control.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.