Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40191935›Full record

ReviewEuropean journal of clinical investigation2025

Deep learning for electrocardiogram interpretation: Bench to bedside.

Bas B S Schots, Camila S Pizarro, Bauke K O Arends, Marish I F J Oerlemans, Dino Ahmetagić, Pim van der Harst, René van Es

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in European journal of clinical investigation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07051356 (Advancing Proactive Care in Advanced Heart Failure), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07051356 not yet recruitingnot on this map

Advancing Proactive Care in Advanced Heart Failure: Integrating AI and Continuous Remote Monitoring for Early Detection of Heart Failure Deterioration

TypeobservationalSponsorUMC UtrechtRan2025 to 2027Enrolled200ConditionsAdvanced Heart Failure
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. The potential of artificial intelligence in clinical trials.European journal of clinical investigation · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Deep learning for electrocardiogram interpretation: Bench to bedside.European journal of clinical investigation · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Bas B S SchotsDepartment of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0291-7940
Camila S PizarroDepartment of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Bauke K O ArendsDepartment of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7494-4542
Marish I F J OerlemansDepartment of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Dino AhmetagićDepartment of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Pim van der HarstDepartment of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
René van EsDepartment of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9950-4388

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRecent advancements in deep learning (DL), a subset of artificial intelligence, have shown the potential to automate and improve disease recognition, phenotyping and prediction of disease onset and outcomes by analysing various sources of medical data. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a valuable tool for diagnosing and monitoring cardiovascular conditions.

methodsThe implementation of DL in ECG analysis has been used to detect and predict rhythm abnormalities and conduction abnormalities, ischemic and structural heart diseases, with performance comparable to physicians. However, despite promising development of DL algorithms for automatic ECG analysis, the integration of DL-based ECG analysis and deployment of medical devices incorporating these algorithms into routine clinical practice remains limited.

resultsThis narrative review highlights the applications of DL in 12-lead ECG analysis. Furthermore, we review randomized controlled trials that assess the clinical effectiveness of these DL tools. Finally, it addresses different key barriers to widespread implementation in clinical practice, including regulatory hurdles, algorithm transparency and data privacy concerns.

conclusionsBy outlining both the progress and the obstacles in this field, this review aims to provide insights into how DL could shape the future of ECG analysis and enhance cardiovascular care in daily clinical practice.

Indexed as

Arrhythmias, CardiacCardiovascular DiseasesDeep LearningElectrocardiographyAlgorithmsHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as Topicartificial intelligencecardiovascular diseasesdeep learningelectrocardiogramimplementation

Identifiers

PMID40191935
PMCPMC11973865

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.