Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40191780›Full record

ReviewEuropean heart journal. Imaging methods and practice2025

How to behave with paediatric myocarditis: imaging methods and clinical considerations.

Rosalba De Sarro, Nunzia Borrelli, Giulia Pelaia, Alessia Mendicino, Sara Moscatelli, Isabella Leo, Giulia La Vecchia, Giuseppe Mazza, Lucy Castaldo, Antonio Strangio and 5 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Arrhythmias in Pediatric Age: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Rosalba De SarroDivision of Cardiology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Nunzia BorrelliAdult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, AO dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4283-7824
Giulia PelaiaPaediatric Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Alessia MendicinoPaediatric Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Sara MoscatelliCentre for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
Isabella LeoDivision of Cardiology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Giulia La VecchiaDepartment of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, Rome, Italy.
Giuseppe MazzaDivision of Cardiology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Lucy CastaldoPaediatric Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Antonio StrangioDivision of Cardiology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Martina AvesaniPaediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4970-4562
Salvatore De RosaDivision of Cardiology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-942X
Daniele TorellaDivision of Cardiology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4915-5084
Giovanni Di SalvoPaediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Jolanda SabatinoDivision of Cardiology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-5419

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Paediatric myocarditis is a challenging and heterogeneous condition, with varied clinical presentations ranging from mild symptoms to life-threatening complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Effective management hinges on early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and ongoing monitoring, which can be significantly enhanced through multimodal imaging techniques. This review emphasizes the crucial role of advanced imaging in the diagnosis, prognostication, and management of paediatric myocarditis. While traditional echocardiography remains the first-line imaging tool, it is often insufficient in detecting subtle myocardial changes and it does not allow the identification of myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, particularly in cases with preserved left ventricular function. Recent advancements, including speckle-tracking echocardiography, provide enhanced sensitivity for detecting early signs of myocardial dysfunction, even in the absence of overt abnormalities. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as a cornerstone in the non-invasive evaluation of myocarditis, offering unparalleled tissue characterization. Indeed, CMR provides critical insights into myocardial oedema, necrosis, and fibrosis, which are essential for confirming the diagnosis, stratifying prognosis, and guiding therapy. Parametric mapping techniques allow for highly accurate detection of myocardial fibrosis (native T1 mapping) and inflammation (T2 mapping), even in the absence of gadolinium contrast, making it particularly valuable in paediatric patients. In conclusion, multimodality imaging, integrating echocardiography and CMR, allows for a comprehensive understanding of disease severity, guiding treatment decisions and optimizing long-term outcomes. This review underscores the importance of a tailored, imaging-driven approach to managing paediatric myocarditis, ensuring the best possible care for this special population.

Indexed as

advanced echocardiographyCMRmultimodality imagingmyocarditispaediatric cardiology

Identifiers

PMID40191780
PMCPMC11969066

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.